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This reference provides significant summary information about health expenditures and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' (CMS) programs. The information presented was the most current available at the time of publication. Significant time lags may occur between the end of a data year and aggregation of data for that year.

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Two novel flight control actuation concepts for UAV applications are proposed for research and development, both of which incorporate shape memory alloy (SMA) wires as prime movers. These actuators promise considerable savings in weight, power, and volume over existing electomechanical and hydraulic systems. Incorporation of these actuators within lifting surface structure, or as trailing edge control devices, would greatly simplify the actuation systems of these aircraft, thereby permitting greater payload fraction, increased range, enhanced robustness, and/or smaller vehicle size, and thus reduce both operational and fixed system costs. Choice between the two actuation concepts for a particular installation represents a tradeoff in actuation system bandwidth and power availability, and thus the same vehicle may include both systems depending upon the particular functional requirements. These actuators represent a derivative technology from a previous Army SBIR Phase I/II effort directed at providing in-flight helicopter blade tracking using actively controlled trailing edge tabs, and thus have been designed to have low mass and low power requirements from their inception. Since they lack any physical hinge joints, they may be embedded directly within aircraft lifting surfaces, eliminating interference drag associated with control deflection.

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For some six decades now the St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge has been managing and restoring the refuge for wildlife benefits. This has involved prescribed burning, mostly cool season, for understory enhancement, maintenance of historical forest type dominance, and hazard reduction. Wildfire suppression has also played an integral part in refuge management. This fire management system has served the refuge and wildlife objectives well for almost a half century. However in recognition of a maturing Refuge forest, greater public environmental awareness and concern for natural resource management, changing National priorities, and advances in state of the art wildlife management, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge proposes through a revised fire management planprogram to finetune prescribed fire and wildfire suppression activities. Proposed management actions will consist of both cool and warm season prescribed burning for understory enhancement, hazard reduction, maintenance of historical habitat type dominance, and natural pine regeneration and wildfire suppression. These proposed actions are in response to service objectives which seek to preserve, protect, and enhance habitat for wildlife populations which include threatened and endangered plants and animals, migratory birds, common indigenous wildlife species, and public recreation and environmental education.

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This report describes the condition of Willow Creek Bird Refuge National Wildlife Refuge

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This report consists of high-resolution chirp and single-channel mini-sparker seismic-reflection profile data from the offshore San Luis Obispo County, California. These data were acquired in 2008 and 2009 using the Research Vessel Parke Snavely (USGS Field Activity IDs: S-6-08-SC, S-6-09-SC). The data are available in binary, TIFF and JPEG image formats. Binary data are in Society of Exploration Geologists (SEG) SEG-Y format and may be downloaded for further processing or display. Reference maps and JPEG images of the profiles may be viewed with your Web browser. For more information on the seismic surveys see http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/s/s608sc/html/s-6-08-sc.meta.html and http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/s/s609sc/html/s-6-09-sc.meta.html These data are also available via GeoMapApp (http://www.geomapapp.org/) and Virtual Ocean (http://www.virtualocean.org/) earth science exploration and visualization applications.

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The Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) Database depicts Flood risk information and supporting data used to develop the risk data. The primary risk classifications used are the 1-percent-annual-chance Flood event, the 0.2-percent-annual- chance Flood event, and areas of minimal Flood risk. The DFIRM Database is derived from Flood Insurance Studies (FISs), previously published Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs), Flood hazard analyses performed in support of the FISs and FIRMs, and new mapping data, where available. The FISs and FIRMs are published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).

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Reflects total post-charge off recovery rates, as a percent of the amounts charged off by charge off year, for the major loan programs and aggregate totals by charge off year for the small direct and guarantied programs.

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This dataset is a polygon coverage of counties limited to the extent of the Lower Kittanning coal bed resource areas and attributed with statistics on these coal quality parameters: ash yield (percent), sulfur (percent), SO2 (lbs per million Btu), calorific value (Btu/lb), arsenic (ppm) content and mercury (ppm) content. The file has been generalized from detailed geologic coverages found elsewhere in Professional Paper 1625-C. The attributes were generated from public data found in the geochemical dataset found in Chap. E, Appendix 2, Disc 1, as well as some additional proprietary data. Please see the metadata file found in Chap. E, Appendix 3, Disc 1, for more detailed information on the geochemical attributes. The county statistical data used for this data set are found in Tables 2-3, 12-13 and 25-26 in Chap. E, Disc 1. Additional county geochemical statistics for other parameters are found in Tables 14-24, Chap. E, Disc 1.

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These ESRI shape files are of National Park Service tract and boundary data that was created by the Land Resources Division. Tracts are numbered and created by the regional cartographic staff at the Land Resources Program Centers and are associated to the Land Status Maps. This data should be used to display properties that NPS owns and properties that NPS may have some type of interest such as scenic easements or right of ways.

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The Freight Analysis Framework (FAF) integrates data from a variety of sources to create a comprehensive picture of freight movement among states and major metropolitan areas by all modes of transportation. With data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey and additional sources, FAF version 3 (FAF3) provides estimates for tonnage, value, and domestic ton-miles by region of origin and destination, commodity type, and mode for 2007, the most recent year, and forecasts through 2040. Also included are state-to-state flows for these years plus 1997 and 2002, summary statistics, and flows by truck assigned to the highway network for 2007 and 2040.

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Widgets are small applications that allow you to access Spanish-language health information from MedlinePlus content directly from your own Web sites. You can embed the following widgets in blogs, personalized homepages, and other Web sites. Once you embed the widget on your site, MedlinePlus takes care of the technical maintenance and updates the content automatically.

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We propose a new spray drying technology for the recovery and recycle of water while stabilizing the solid wastes or residues as found in advanced life support systems. The proposed effort is focused on the recovery of water from concentrated waste water recovery system brine and other concentrates. Hypogravity and microgravity environments will make space based systems compact thus reducing its equivalent system mass. The application of spray drying to brine is a first step in the development of a space-based system but spray drying is likely to be applicable to the dewatering and stabilization of solid wastes. Spray drying is a one step continuous process where a solution, slurry, sludge or paste is transformed from a fluid state to dried masses by spraying the feed into a hot drying medium. The resulting dry products are granules or agglomerates and the drying medium bearing the removed moisture. Using one of several methods the drying medium yields the recovered water. The exact nature of the dried solid and recovered moisture depends on the physical and chemical properties of the feed and the design and operation of the drier. At the end of Phase II the technology will be at a TRL = 6.

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The Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) Database depicts flood risk information and supporting data used to develop the risk data. The primary risk classifications used are the 1-percent-annual-chance flood event, the 0.2-percent-annual- chance flood event, and areas of minimal flood risk. The DFIRM Database is derived from Flood Insurance Studies (FISs), previously published Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs), flood hazard analyses performed in support of the FISs and FIRMs, and new mapping data, where available. The FISs and FIRMs are published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The file is georeferenced to earth's surface using the Delaware (FIPS 0700) State Plane projection and coordinate system. The specifications for the horizontal control of DFIRM data files are consistent with those required for mapping at a scale of 1:12,000. Coastal study data as defined in FEMA Gudelines and Specifications, Appendix D: Guidance for Coastal Flooding Analyses and Mapping, submitted as a result of a coastal study. Appendix D notes that a variety of analytical methodologies may be used to establish Base (1-percent-annual-chance) Flood Elevations (BFEs) and floodplains throughout coastal areas of the United States. Appendix D itemizes references for the methodologies currently in use by FEMA for specific coastal flood hazards, provides general guidance for documentation of a coastal flood hazard analysis, specifies flood hazard analysis procedures for the Great Lakes coasts, and outlines intermediate data submissions for coastal flood hazard analyses with new storm surge modeling and revised stillwater flood level (SWFL). (Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specs, Appendix D Guidance for Coastal Flooding Analyses and Mapping, Section D.1)

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NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) is building high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) for select U.S. coastal regions. These integrated bathymetric-topographic DEMs are used to support tsunami forecasting and modeling efforts at the NOAA Center for Tsunami Research, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). The DEMs are part of the tsunami forecast system SIFT (Short-term Inundation Forecasting for Tsunamis) currently being developed by PMEL for the NOAA Tsunami Warning Centers, and are used in the MOST (Method of Splitting Tsunami) model developed by PMEL to simulate tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation. Bathymetric, topographic, and shoreline data used in DEM compilation are obtained from various sources, including NGDC, the U.S. National Ocean Service (NOS), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and other federal, state, and local government agencies, academic institutions, and private companies. DEMs are referenced to the vertical tidal datum of Mean High Water (MHW) and horizontal datum of World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84). Grid spacings for the DEMs range from 1/3 arc-second (~10 meters) to 3 arc-seconds (~90 meters).

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The Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) Database depicts flood risk Information And supporting data used to develop the risk data. The primary risk; classificatons used are the 1-percent-annual-chance flood event, the 0.2-percent- annual-chance flood event, and areas of minimal flood risk. The DFIRM Database is derived from Flood Insurance Studies (FISs), previously published Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs), flood hazard analyses performed in support of the FISs and FIRMs, and new mapping data, where available. The FISs and FIRMs are published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The file is georeferenced to earth's surface using the UTM projection and coordinate system. The specifications for the horizontal control of DFIRM data files are consistent with those required for mapping at a scale of 1:12,000.

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Solution errors are inherent in any Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. Systematic identification, reduction, and control of these various error sources is crucial if the results of CFD simulations are to be trusted for design and performance assessment of air vehicles. While grid refinement studies may verify the spatial accuracy of a solution, these studies are generally laborious and time intensive. Continued development of a standalone Error Transport Equation (ETE) solver is proposed. The proposed program exploits an existing mesh adaptation and error quantification package, CRISP CFD<SUP>REG</SUP>, which currently interfaces with meshes and solutions from the NASA unstructured Navier-Stokes solvers FUN3D and USM3D. The Phase I effort will explore the use of ETE methodology with these production Navier-Stokes solvers as well as the popular structured grid code OVERFLOW. Improvements in error prediction for aerodynamic coefficients will be sought. In addition, the proposed program will address uncertainty quantification for turbulence models commonly used in computational aerodynamics applications. The ETE solver provides a promising, viable path for reliable error quantification and solution verification. This tool will provide numerical error bars, quantifiable levels of uncertainty in both local and globally integrated variables, for use in computational aerodynamics and other applications.

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This tabular data set represents the average normalized (wet) deposition, in kilograms per square kilometer multiplied by 100, of ammonium (NH4) for the year 2002 compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment of the Major River Basins (MRBs, Crawford and others, 2006). Estimates of NH4 deposition are based on National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) measurements (B. Larsen, U.S. Geological Survey, written. commun., 2007). De-trending methods applied to the year 2002 are described in Alexander and others, 2001. NADP site selection met the following criteria: stations must have records from 1995 to 2002 and have a minimum of 30 observations. The MRB_E2RF1 catchments are based on a modified version of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) ERF1_2 and include enhancements to support national and regional-scale surface-water quality modeling (Nolan and others, 2002; Brakebill and others, 2011). Data were compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment for the conterminous United States covering New England and Mid-Atlantic (MRB1), South Atlantic-Gulf and Tennessee (MRB2), the Great Lakes, Ohio, Upper Mississippi, and Souris-Red-Rainy (MRB3), the Missouri (MRB4), the Lower Mississippi, Arkansas-White-Red, and Texas-Gulf (MRB5), the Rio Grande, Colorado, and the Great basin (MRB6), the Pacific Northwest (MRB7) river basins, and California (MRB8).

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For NASA extended missions in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), Micrometeoroid and Orbital Debris (MMOD) protection for spacecraft, space stations and orbiting fuel depots is critical to mission safety. MMOD penetration is a risk for spacecraft and instruments; spacecraft designers must provide protection to minimize MMOD damage. Cryogenic propellants, and their thermal insulation, are also an important part of NASA's next generation vehicles. Orbital fuel depots must provide Zero Boiloff cryopropellant loss and maintain flightworthiness over extended missions in LEO. Quest & Ball have developed an innovative next generation MLI that could provide both high performance thermal insulation and light-weight MMOD protection. MMOD - Integrated MLI (MMOD-IMLI) uses precise layer spacing control from polymer spacers to provide the basis for an advanced multishock MMOD shield. MMOD-IMLI is a novel multi-layer system using IMLI with proprietary micromolded polymer spacers to control layer spacing and support high strength Nextel and Kevlar layers. IMLI has been proven to have 27% lower heat leak per layer than state-of-the-art MLI. MMOD-IMLI will use specific layer materials, thicknesses and layer spacing to provide excellent MMOD protection. Preliminary analysis indicates MMOD-IMLI will provide superior MMOD protection than Whipple or Stuffed Whipple shields, the current shields used on the ISS, with substantially lower mass and providing 95% Probability of No Penetration for an orbital fuel depot, while also providing higher thermal insulation than an equivalent number of layers of conventional MLI. This Phase I research will evaluate MMOD protection and thermal performance available from our IMLI technology, design MMOD-IMLI blanket/shields, build and test an MMOD-IMLI prototype for MMOD protection using hypervelocity impact tests and thermal performance via LN2 calorimetry, compare MMOD and heat leak results to those predicted, and determine feasibility of MMOD-IMLI.

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Satellite telemetry determines migratory pathways to the foraging and nesting areas, degree of fixation on a foraging area, diving behaviors during the migrations, provide information on the position and movement of turtles captured and released from the pelagic longline fishing, and differences in migratory abilities between healthy turtles and ones moderately afflicted with fibropapillomatosis.

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The report titled RECA Claims as of [current date] by State/Country, reflects the number of claims filed, pending, denied, approved, and compensation awarded, based on the state and in certain cases, the country of the individual claimant. It is important

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This dataset is one of eight datasets produced by this study. Four of the datasets predict the probability of detecting atrazine and(or) desethyl-atrazine (a breakdown product of atrazine) in ground water in Colorado; the other four predict the probability of detecting elevated concentrations of nitrate in ground water in Colorado. The four datasets that predict the probability of atrazine and(or) desethyl-atrazine (atrazine/DEA) are differentiated by whether or not they incorporated atrazine use and whether or not they incorporated hydrogeomorphic regions. The four datasets that predict the probability of elevated concentrations of nitrate are differentiated by whether or not they incorporated fertilizer use and whether or not they incorporated hydrogeomorphic regions. Each of the eight datasets has its own unique strengths and weaknesses. The user is cautioned to read Rupert (2003, Probability of detecting atrazine/desethyl-atrazine and elevated concentrations of nitrate in ground water in Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4269, 35 p., http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/wri/wri02-4269/) to determine if he(she) is using the most appropriate dataset for his(her) particular needs. This dataset specifically predicts the probability of detecting atrazine/DEA in ground water in Colorado with hydrogeomorphic regions not included and atrazine use estimates included. The following text was extracted from Rupert (2003). Draft Federal regulations may require that each State develop a State Pesticide Management Plan for the herbicides atrazine, alachlor, metolachlor, and simazine. Maps were developed that the State of Colorado could use to predict the probability of detecting atrazine/DEA in ground water in Colorado. These maps can be incorporated into the State Pesticide Management Plan and can help provide a sound hydrogeologic basis for atrazine management in Colorado. Maps showing the probability of detecting elevated nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen (nitrate) concentrations in ground water in Colorado also were developed because nitrate is a contaminant of concern in many areas of Colorado. Maps showing the probability of detecting atrazine/DEA at or greater than concentrations of 0.1 microgram per liter and nitrate concentrations in ground water greater than 5 milligrams per liter were developed as follows: (1) Ground-water quality data were overlaid with anthropogenic and hydrogeologic data by using a geographic information system (GIS) to produce a dataset in which each well had corresponding data on atrazine use, fertilizer use, geology, hydrogeomorphic regions, land cover, precipitation, soils, and well construction. These data then were downloaded to a statistical software package for analysis by logistic regression. (2) Relations were observed between ground-water quality and the percentage of land-cover categories within circular regions (buffers) around wells. Several buffer sizes were evaluated; the buffer size that provided the strongest relation was selected for use in the logistic regression models. (3) Relations between concentrations of atrazine/DEA and nitrate in ground water and atrazine use, fertilizer use, geology, hydrogeomorphic regions, land cover, precipitation, soils, and well-construction data were evaluated, and several preliminary multivariate models with various combinations of independent variables were constructed. (4) The multivariate models that best predicted the presence of atrazine/DEA and elevated concentrations of nitrate in ground water were selected. (5) The accuracy of the multivariate models was confirmed by validating the models with an independent set of ground-water quality data. (6) The multivariate models were entered into a geographic information system and the probability GRIDS were constructed.

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Real-Time Aerospace Diagnostics Toolkit Project

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Monthly logs include a daily account of temperature extremes and precipitation, along with snow data at some locations. U.S. Cooperative Observer Program (COOP) Network stations scattered across the continental U.S., a few from Caribbean and Pacific Island stations. Cooperative stations are assigned a six-digit COOPID in which the first two correspond to the state, and the last four are assigned roughly in alphabetical order by station name. For a complete list of station IDs, see the cooperative station list at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/homr/reports/mshr . Stations that were not a part of the network at the time the reports were submitted are assigned ID 777777

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Radioactivity measurements for diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine in the United States are based on measurements at NIST. Activity measurements for the gamma-ray-emitting radionuclides are made using 4πβ liquid scintillation spectrometry and 4πγ ionization chamber. The calibration process also includes identification of radionuclidic impurities by germanium spectrometry. Recent development work has focused on therapeutic nuclides for nuclear medicine, radioimmunotherapy, and bone palliation. Future work will focus on intravascular brachytherapy and diagnostic imaging. Specifications / Capabilities: The radiopharmaceutical standardization laboratory provides calibration services for radionuclides and is available for technical users who must make measurements consistent with national standards or who require higher accuracy calibrations than are available with commercial standards. NIST also undertakes basic research to develop new methods of standardizing radionuclides for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. These studies include measurements of decay-scheme parameters, such as half lives and gamma-ray emission probabilities, and identification of radionuclidic impurities.

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These data identify the areas (in general) where critical habitat for Braunton's milk-vetch occurs. Critical habitat for the species consists of approximately 3,300 acres among six units distributed in three general areas: eastern Ventura County, east-central Los Angeles County, and northeastern Orange County, California.