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The Police-Public Contact Survey (PPCS) provides detailed information on the nature and characteristics of face-to-face contacts between police and the public, including the reason for and outcome of the contact. The PPCS interviews a nationally represent

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The Assessment Unit is the fundamental unit used in the National Assessment Project for the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources. The Assessment Unit is defined within the context of the higher-level Total Petroleum System. The Assessment Unit is shown here as a geographic boundary interpreted, defined, and mapped by the geologist responsible for the province and incorporates a set of known or postulated oil and (or) gas accumulations sharing similar geologic, geographic, and temporal properties within the Total Petroleum System, such as source rock, timing, migration pathways, trapping mechanism, and hydrocarbon type. The Assessment Unit boundary is defined geologically as the limits of the geologic elements that define the Assessment Unit, such as limits of reservoir rock, geologic structures, source rock, and seal lithologies. The only exceptions to this are Assessment Units that border the Federal-State water boundary. In these cases, the Federal-State water boundary forms part of the Assessment Unit boundary.

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The Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) Database depicts flood risk information and supporting data used to develop the risk data. The primary risk classifications used are the 1-percent-annual-chance flood event, the 0.2-percent-annual- chance flood event, and areas of minimal flood risk. The DFIRM Database is derived from Flood Insurance Studies (FISs), previously published Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs), flood hazard analyses performed in support of the FISs and FIRMs, and new mapping data, where available. The FISs and FIRMs are published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). In addition to the preceding, required text, the Abstract should also describe the projection and coordinate system as well as a general statement about horizontal accuracy.

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NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) is building high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) for select U.S. coastal regions. These integrated bathymetric-topographic DEMs are used to support tsunami forecasting and modeling efforts at the NOAA Center for Tsunami Research, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). The DEMs are part of the tsunami forecast system SIFT (Short-term Inundation Forecasting for Tsunamis) currently being developed by PMEL for the NOAA Tsunami Warning Centers, and are used in the MOST (Method of Splitting Tsunami) model developed by PMEL to simulate tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation. Bathymetric, topographic, and shoreline data used in DEM compilation are obtained from various sources, including NGDC, the U.S. National Ocean Service (NOS), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and other federal, state, and local government agencies, academic institutions, and private companies. DEMs are referenced to the vertical tidal datum of Mean High Water (MHW) and horizontal datum of World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84). Grid spacings for the DEMs range from 1/3 arc-second (~10 meters) to 3 arc-seconds (~90 meters).

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This annual narrative report for Long Lake NWR, Long Lake WMD, and the easement refuges outlines Refuge accomplishments during the 1987 calendar year. The report begins with a summary of the years highlights and weather conditions. Land acquisition is covered. The report includes a planning section which discusses management planning, public participation, compliance with environmental and cultural resource mandates, and research and investigations. Refuge administration is outlined; information about personnel, funding, safety, and technical assistance is given. Habitat management is also covered; subjects include wetlands, forests, croplands, grasslands, grazing, haying, fire management, pest control, water rights, and WPA easements. The wildlife section of the report discusses wildlife diversity, endangered and threatened species, waterfowl, marsh birds and waterbirds, shorebirds, raptors, game mammals, fisheries resources, scientific collections, animal control, marking and bird banding, and disease control. The public uses of the Refuge described in this report include outdoor classrooms, interpretive programs, hunting, fishing, trapping, wildlife observation, outdoor recreation, and law enforcement. The equipment and facilities section of the report provides information about new construction, rehabilitation, major maintenance, equipment replacement, communication systems, and energy conservation.

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Puerto Rico mean annual precipitation

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This data layer shows the generalized lithologic and geochemical (lithogeochemical) character of near-surface bedrock in the Connecticut, Housatonic, and Thames River Basins and several other small basins that drain into Long Island Sound from Connecticut. The area includes most of Connecticut, western Massachusetts, eastern Vermont, western New Hampshire, and small parts of Rhode Island, New York, and Quebec, Canada. Bedrock geologic rock formations are classified into 29 lithogeochemical rock units, based on the relative reactivity of their constituent minerals to dissolution and other weathering reactions and the presence of carbonate or sulfide minerals. The 29 lithogeochemical units can be summarized into 6 major categories: (1) carbonate-rich rocks, (2) carbonate-poor, clastic sedimentary rocks restricted to distinct depositional basins, (3) metamorphosed, clastic sedimentary rocks (primarily noncalcareous), (4) mafic igneous rocks and their metamorphic equivalents, (5) ultramafic rocks, and (6) felsic igneous and plutonic rocks and their metamorphic equivalents. Lithogeochemical rock units also are grouped into nine lithologic and physiographic provinces (lithophysiographic domains), which can be summarized into three major regions: (1) western highlands and lowlands, (2) central lowlands, and (3) eastern highlands.

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The Floodplain Mapping/Redelineation study deliverables depict and quantify the flood risks for the study area. The primary risk classifications used are the 1-percent-annual-chance flood event, the 0.2-percent-annual- chance flood event, and areas of minimal flood risk. The Floodplain Mapping/Redelineation flood risk boundaries are derived from the engineering information Flood Insurance Studies (FISs), previously published Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs), flood hazard analyses performed in support of the FISs and FIRMs, and new mapping data, where available. The FISs and FIRMs are published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).

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This data set contains information on external and internal correspondence addressed to the Secretary, Deputy Secretary, or Chief of Staff. Data include information about the sender, the referring party (if applicable), assigned offices, reviewing offices and clearances.

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This project was a cooperative effort among the National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment; the University of Hawaii; and Analytical Laboratories of Hawaii, LLC. The goal of the work was to develop coral reef mapping methods and compare benthic habitat maps generated by photointerpreting georeferenced color aerial photography, hyperspectral and IKONOS satellite imagery. Twenty-seven distinct benthic habitat types within eleven zones were mapped directly into a GIS system using visual interpretation of orthorectified aerial photographs and hyperspectral imagery. Benthic features were mapped that covered an area of 790 km^2. In all, 204 km^2 of unconsolidated sediment, 171 km^2 of submerged vegetation, and 415 km^2 of coral reef and colonized hardbottom were mapped. The Biogeography program developed this browser to allow users to view maps of the Island of Lanai and perform basis queries of the data over the internet.

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In this project, Ultramet is designing and fabricating a lightweight, high temperature combustion chamber for use with cryogenic liquid oxygen/methane (LOX/CH4) propellant that will deliver a specific impulse of ~355 seconds, an increase over the current 320-sec baseline that will result in a propellant mass decrease of 55 lbm. The material system is based on Ultramet's proven oxide-iridium/rhenium architecture, which has been successfully hot-fire tested with stoichiometric oxygen/hydrogen for hours. Instead of rhenium, however, the structural material will be a niobium or tantalum alloy that has excellent yield strength at both ambient and elevated temperature. Phase I demonstrated alloys with yield strength-to-weight ratios more than three times that of rhenium, which will significantly reduce chamber weight. The starting materials are also two orders of magnitude less expensive than rhenium and are less expensive than the C103 niobium alloy commonly used in low-performance engines. Phase II will focus on the design, fabrication, and hot-fire testing of a small (5-25 lbf thrust class) chamber with LOX/CH4, and will culminate in the design and fabrication of a 100-lbf chamber that can be mated and tested with an existing LOX/CH4 injector. Throughout the project, Ultramet will work closely with Aerojet, which will perform the hot-fire testing.

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A coastal vulnerability index (CVI) was used to map the relative vulnerability of the coast to future sea-level rise within Assateague Island National Seashore in Maryland and Virginia. The CVI ranks the following in terms of their physical contribution to sea-level rise-related coastal change: geomorphology, regional coastal slope, rate of relative sea-level rise, historical shoreline change rates, mean tidal range and mean significant wave height. The rankings for each input variable were combined and an index value calculated for 1-minute grid cells covering the park. The CVI highlights those regions where the physical effects of sea-level rise might be the greatest. This approach combines the coastal system's susceptibility to change with its natural ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, yielding a quantitative, although relative, measure of the park's natural vulnerability to the effects of sea-level rise. The CVI and the data contained within this dataset provide an objective technique for evaluation and long-term planning by scientists and park managers.

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Deployable Vegetable Production System (VEGGIE) Project

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This report consists of high-resolution chirp and single-channel Sparker seismic-reflection- profile data from the Santa Barbara Channel, California. These data were acquired in 2007 using the Research Vessel Zephyr2 (USGS Cruise ID: Z-3-07-SC) and the Research Vessel Parke Snavely (USGS Cruise ID: S-7-08-SC). The data are available in binary, TIFF and JPEG image formats. Binary data are in Society of Exploration Geologists (SEG) SEG-Y format and may be downloaded for further processing or display. Reference maps and JPEG images of the profiles may be viewed with your Web browser. For more information on the seismic surveys see http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/z/z307sc/html/z-3-07-sc.meta.html and http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/s/s708sc/html/s-7-08-sc.meta.html These data are also available via GeoMapApp (http://www.geomapapp.org/) and Virtual Ocean (http://www.virtualocean.org/) earth science exploration and visualization applications.

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The Census Bureau's Small Area Health Insurance Estimates (SAHIE) program produces estimates of health insurance coverage for states and all counties. These data are 2010 estimates of health insurance coverage by age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, and income categories at the state level and by age, sex, and income categories at the county level. The Interactive Map tool is provided for ease of access to these data

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This plan for the Rappahannock River Valley National Wildlife Refuge will provide guidance on a wide range of fire management activities including preparedness, prescribed fire, wild land fire, and prevention and education activities. Values considered in the plan include: the protection of Refuge property, structures and improvements, cultural and historic sites, neighboring private property, endangered and threatened species of concern, and the enhancement of Refuge wildlife habitat.

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In March 1992, a planning team met to identify issues, set objectives and develop strategies for management of the three refuges. The information from the planning workshop was synthesized into this document, the Station Management Plan, to provide the Refuge Manager with overall management direction for the next 35 years. The strategies developed provide the starting point to work toward the long term goals of 1 a wildlife and habitat data base, 2 management of eagle and other wildlife habitat, 3 a public that supports refuge programs, 4 minimal losses caused by wildfire and 5 protection of historic and archaeological resources.

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The TIGER/Line shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). The MTDB represents a seamless national file with no overlaps or gaps between parts, however, each TIGER/Line shapefile is designed to stand alone as an independent data set, or they can be combined to cover the entire nation. The Census Bureau includes landmarks such as military installations in the MTDB for locating special features and to help enumerators during field operations. In 2012, the Census Bureau obtained the inventory and boundaries of most military installations from the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) for Air Force, Army, Marine, and Navy installations and from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for Coast Guard installations. The military installation boundaries in this release represent the updates the Census Bureau made in 2012 in collaboration with DoD.

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The Battlespace Acoustics Laboratory Complex at Wright-Patterson Air Force, Ohio seeks to revolutionize auditory displays and communication systems to maximize operator effectiveness in complex acoustic environments. Unique, world-class laboratories containing highly-specialized, state-of-the-art equipment are employed in research focused on the basic and applied aspects of auditory and speech perception, communications, hearing protection, and in the development and optimization of advanced auditory and multisensory displays for information portrayal in support of the needs of the warfighter.

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The key innovation in this effort is the development of algorithms and a framework for automated Dynamic Airspace Configuration (DAC) using a cooperative Bayesian game framework. Given an initial sector plan, we propose an approach for dynamic re-sectorization in which boundaries can be redefined in response to changing demand, weather or other user preferences. Advantages of this approach are that it models the human coordination process, provides a rich domain independent framework for modeling collaboration and a theoretical framework to analyze issues related to convergence, decision-making complexity and stability. The communicative aspects of the game-framework also make it well suited for an agent-based implementation. In this agent-based implementation, each agent represents a player (Sector ATC/TMC) in the air traffic domain. Sector ATC's collaborate with neighboring Sector ATC's within the current sector, and across center boundaries to "collapse", "split" or borrow airspace to optimize traffic flow. The players engage in an "automated collaborative negotiation search" with each other to determine sector geometries that will optimize the overall airspace efficiency. We propose to implement DAC algorithms in Cybele's Decision Support System Infrastructure and demonstrate feasibility using NASA's ACES software.

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Validating software is a critical step in developing high confidence systems. Typical software development practices are not acceptable in systems where failure leads to loss of life or other high costs. New software development tools are needed to radically reduce defect rates and enable the high levels of confidence required for safety- and security-critical systems. Lightweight verification techniques have proven themselves effective in finding defects in large software systems by balancing rigor with scalability and usability. Lightweight verification techniques do not exhaustively check software, but they can find defects in systems that are too large for more rigorous analysis techniques, and are fast becoming an essential tool for software developers. The techniques generally fail to address key sources of problems specific to embedded systems: paths due to asynchronous transfer of control or context switches between tasks are not considered; assembly language components are ignored; it is hard to detect violations of domain-specific rules. We propose to extend and adapt our static analysis technology to make it capable of addressing these problems. We will exploit our existing connections with NASA facilities to gain help validating our approach and to ensure that the solution we propose is responsive to NASA's unique needs.

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_(Abstract):_ Stand–alone and easy to use geographic toolkit that allows non-GIS users to relate the renewable energy resource (solar and wind) data to other geographic data, such as land use, protected areas, elevation, etc. _(Purpose):_ The Solar and Wind Energy Resource Assessment (SWERA) Geospatial Toolkit (GsT) is a map-based software application that can be used for decision making and policy analysis in addition to planning for future energy projects. The SWERA application utilizes Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to develop common scenarios to evaluate potential locations for solar or wind energy plants. _(Supplemental Information):_ Enhancements to the GeoSpatial Toolkit (GsT) were funded by USAID's Southeast Asia Regional Initiative/Energy (SARI/E). These enhancements include additional functionality and data development not available with the standard GeoSpatial Toolkit. Functionality --------------------------- The additional functionality that has been added is a link from the GsT to the HOMER application, which provides analysis on system optimization. The user will select a point on the map by clicking on it with a HOMER tool. The tool will gather information on the wind, solar (global horizontal), elevation, and location to send to HOMER for analysis. The tool will accept some user inputs and display a summary of the analysis results. The user also has the option of opening the completed analysis directly in the HOMER application for additional options (using the "Open HOMER File" button). Hydro data (if available) can be displayed in the tool window, but is not used by HOMER in its system optimization at this point. When the GsT is installed, it will also install the separate HOMER application with a 6 month license. After 6 months, the HOMER license will expire and the separate HOMER application will no longer run analyses. THE LICENSE EXPIRATION WILL ONLY IMPACT THE "Open HOMER File" FUNCTIONALITY. The GsT will continue to run as usual and the "Start HOMER" button will continue to work. However, when you click the "Open HOMER File" button, HOMER will only open files for viewing - you will no longer be able to make the HOMER application run an analysis. The HOMER license can be renewed for free over the internet. You can renew your HOMER license and find out more about HOMER at this web address: http://www.nrel.gov/homer Additional Data Development --------------------------- Monthly Wind Resource Data: The existing annual wind resource dataset has been expanded to include average wind speed and power for each month, annual average Weibull K shape parameter, annual average autocorrelation coefficient, and the annual diurnal pattern, peak hour, and pattern strength. These parameters are needed for HOMER to synthesize an hourly wind speed for a representative year (8760 hours). Hydro Resource Data: A hydro resource dataset was developed as a separate task for SARI/E, and the results of that assessment have been incorporated for display within the GsT. The hydro resource assessment provides annual and monthly estimates of average potential hydro power (kW). The data was developed focusing on small hydro systems with small diversion distances, returning water to the stream within 200 m of the diversion point. --------------------------------------------------------- The GsT was completely redesigned and re-released in November 2010 to provide a more modern, easier-to-use interface with considerably faster analytical querying capabilities. The revised version of the Geospatial Toolkit for Sri Lanka is available using the following link: http://www.nrel.gov/international/downloads/gst_srilanka.exe NOTE: Please use the provided link to access the most up to date software package and data. The Sri Lanka GsT data were last updated in January 2011. The attached zip file below is an archive and contains the previous version of the geospatial toolkit executable that has been replaced. Please visit [Geospatial Toolkit](http://en.openei.org/wiki/Geospatial_Toolkit) for additional information about the GsT and updates.

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This map shows specific water-quality items and hydrologic data site information which come from QWDATA (Water Quality) and GWSI (Ground Water Information System). Both QWDATA and GWSI are subsystems of NWIS (National Water Inventory System)of the USGS (United States Geologic Survey). This map is for Sevier County, Utah. The scope and purpose of NWIS is defined on the web site: http://water.usgs.gov/public/pubs/FS/FS-027-98/

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This data set is part of a larger set of data called the MultiBeam Bathymetric Data Base (MBBDB) where other similar data can be found at http://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/multibeam/

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Fishery-Independent Survey System (FINSS) is a national system that characterizes NMFS ocean observation activities and data collection during the fishery-independent surveys, and provides up-to-date information to fishery scientists, managers and general public through flexible database querying, digital mapping and tabular reporting applications.