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The total documented harvest during the period of observation in 1983 was 642 walruses. This included 249 adult males 38.8, 203 adult females 31.6, and 190 calves 29.6. For the purposes of this report, adult refers to any walrus older than a calf and does not refer to reproductive maturity. Of the 452 adult walruses, males comprised 55.1 and females 44.9. The sex distribution of the harvest during 1983 was significantly different from both 1981 chisquare .01 P.025 and 1982 chisquare P.001. The proportions of both males and calves were higher and the proportion of females lower in 1983 than both 1981 and 1982 Table 1. The two most successful hunting days were 18 and 24 May, accounting for 151 23.5 and 205 31.9 walruses respectively. During the 8 day interval including 18 through 24 May, 468 walruses were landed. This was 72.9 of the total catch Table 2. The total harvest in 1983 was only about two thirds as large as either 1981 or 1982. Two factors are primarily responsible for this: poor weather and an extended whaling season. Wind in excess of 15 knots is usually sufficient to prevent bunting from boats. Early during the observation period, especially during the last 2 weeks of April, very few days were calm enough to launch boats. In addition, the wind was out of the north much of the winter and spring. Gambell hunters speculated that all the ice that was driven south either melted in deep water south of the shelf break or drifted back to the north far east of St. Lawrence Island. Whatever the cause, proper conditions of sufficient ice for walrus hunting did not persist near Gambell. Hunting methods were also affected by the quota system initiated by the International Whaling Commission. As Gambell hunters were only allowed 2 bowhead strikes in 1983, most whale captains felt obliged to use both strikes. Whaling continued many days after walrus bunting would normally have begun. Perhaps 2 weeks of very productive walrus bunting was lost during early May.

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MER Opportunity. Polygons: 3766 Vertices: 4802

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TOVS data received by FIFE

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MODIS (or Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) is a key instrument aboard the Terra (EOS AM) and Aqua (EOS PM) satellites. Terra's orbit around the Earth is timed so that it passes from north to south across the equator in the morning, while Aqua passes south to north over the equator in the afternoon. Terra MODIS and Aqua MODIS are viewing the entire Earth's surface every 1 to 2 days, acquiring data in 36 spectral bands, or groups of wavelengths (see MODIS Technical Specifications). These data will improve our understanding of global dynamics and processes occurring on the land, in the oceans, and in the lower atmosphere. MODIS is playing a vital role in the development of validated, global, interactive Earth system models able to predict global change accurately enough to assist policy makers in making sound decisions concerning the protection of our environment.

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Monthly 2003 data at the company level on imports of crude oil and/or petroleum products into the 50 States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands other U.S. possessions, and Foreign Trade Zones located in the 50 States and DC by each importer of record. Based on Form EIA-814 data.

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Video series in which American servicemembers wounded in combat share stories of their service, including their hard-won battles on the road to recovery.

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<p>The original objective was to ensure that the grism assembly can be designed and fabricated to meet the WFIRST spectrometer requirements. The current grism design includes an innovative Variable Space Grating (VSG) that borrowed a concept from Computer Generated Hologram, plus spectral filter and prism. From optical design point of view, this IRAD will study how much we can further simplify the grism design without compromising the scientific objectives.  We’ll make every effort to search for all state of art optical fabrication techniques and to design the optics that uses the most suitable technologies.  This is one way to raise TRL level.  On the other hand, we'll fund the potential vendors to study and design the element(s) to our specification.  We will interact with them and leverage their expertise to raise the TRL.   Meanwhile, we'll encourage them to develop new fabrication methods to improve the quality and to reduce the cost. We would like to eliminate the complicated Zernike Sag Surface (ZSS), a surface that could provide any surface figure we need to compensate aberrations, from the current design.  But we cannot rule it out yet until we have a solid design without ZSS.  Therefore, we will fund a potential vendor in this IRAD to study ZSS fabrication.  If the funding permits, we will ask the potential vendors to make small scale samples and test them at GSFC.  The goal of this IRAD is to achieve TRL 4; the current TRL is roughly TRL 3.</p><p>During the course of this IRAD, it is discovered that a diffractive lens is a much better way to compensate the wavelength dependent aberration created by a grating in non-collimated space.  Besides the much improved image quality, the corss due to unwanted diffraction orders can be spread as an uniform background by skillfully designing the diffractive lens and VSG.</p><p>The full project includes design a buildable slitless spectrometer, analyze the design and provide tolerance data to mechanical team.  The mechanical team will design a cryo assembly with multi-degrees of adjustment.  The high risky samples for diffractive lens and VSG will be procured and tested.  One good news to report is that grating sample delivered to us this week has a very high diffraction efficiency (over 90%) from today's test result, which is higher than HST's ~80% level.This is equivalent to to increase the primary mirror size by 10%.  This also makes the uniform background due to unwanted grating much lower.</p>

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Protecting Health and Improving the Environment

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The SSM/I products are useful for evaluating the mean climate state, it's interannual and seasonal variations, and the detection of anomalies associated with ENSO and regional climatic variations. The Hydrology Team has assembled a time series of the entire SSM/I archive, now entering it's 16th year, which includes data from July 1987 to the present. Monthly average products are produced for precipitation, cloud liquid water, total precipitable water, snow cover, sea-ice cover, and oceanic surface wind speed.

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LANDFIRE Potential Vegetation is mapped using predictive landscape models based on extensive field-referenced data and biophysical gradient layers using classification and regression trees. LANDFIRE uses potential vegetation products to create fire regimes data. These products use NatureServe's Ecological Systems classification, meeting the requirement that map units be identifiable, scalable, and model-able. The NatureServe Explorer provides descriptions for each ecological system including species, distribution and classification information.

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FVAP data from the 2008 post election survey of American citizens living overseas on absentee voting.

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<p> The optical design of RAISE is based on a new class of UV/EUV imaging spectrometers that use  only two reflections to provide quasi-stigmatic performance simultaneously over multiple wavelengths  and spatial fields. Figure 5 summarizes the RAISE instrument design, showing photographs of each of  the components or subsystems. The design uses an off-axis parabolic telescope mirror to form a real  image of the sun on the spectrometer entrance aperture. A slit then selects a portion of the solar image,  passing its light onto a near-normal incidence toroidal grating, which re-images the spectrally dispersed  radiation onto two array detectors. Two full spectral passbands over the same one-dimensional spatial  field are recorded simultaneously with no scanning of the detectors or grating. The two different spectral  bands (1st-order 1205-1243Å and 1526-1564Å) are imaged onto two intensified Active Pixel Sensor  (APS) detectors whose focal planes are individually adjusted for optimized performance. The telescope  and grating are coated with B4C to enhance short wavelength (2nd order) reflectance (Fig. 6), enabling the  instrument to record the brightest lines between 602-622Å and 761-780Å at the same time. Table 1  summarizes the main optical parameters for RAISE.   </p> <p> <strong>TVLS Grating. </strong>The single toroidal variable line space (TVLS) grating has a toroidal surface  (Sagittal Radius = 640.5 mm, Tangential Radius = 635.3 mm), with varied line space (VLS) rulings of the  type developed originally for spherical substrates by Kita, Harada, and collaborators (1983, 1995). By  combining this VLS concept with toroidal surfaces, RAISE is the first to exploit this new class of  spectrometers, as described by Thomas (2003). For RAISE, the grating is placed 400 mm behind the slit,  with focus at a distance of approximately 1700 mm, for a spectrometer magnification of 4.25. By  operating at high magnification, the RAISE spectrometer most effectively utilizes the full length and  width available in the sounding rocket payload. The first RAISE grating, mechanically ruled by Bach  Research, Inc., was delivered in August 2007 and tested for figure, ruling density and total grating  efficiency. </p> <p> <strong>Intensified APS Cameras</strong>. The RAISE Intensified APS camera systems are 1k x 1k CMOS Active  Pixel Sensors using miniature digital camera electronics and fed by an MCP intensifier. APS cameras  were chosen for RAISE (rather than CCDs) because of their extremely fast readout, direct digital output,  low mass, low power, deep full well and high radiation tolerance. The RAISE cameras were developed at  DLR (Germany) using a Cypress/Filfactory Star 1000 APS and include a 12-bit external ADC and USB  2.0 interface. We will operate the cameras at 5-10 frames/sec readout, making dark current negligible  compared to the incoming signal. The complete camera electronics including its controller is integrated  on only one printed circuit board, and uses a rigid-flex 3D-interconnection between the boards to form a  lightweight, compact sensor head. Flight detectors were delivered by DLR in August 2008. </p> <p> <strong><em>RAISE Chromospheric Slit Jaw Camera (SJC)  </em></strong>To co-align the RAISE spectra with observations from SDO, HINODE, and IRIS, and to collect  chromospheric disk images in C IV and the continuum between 1500-1700 Å, the solar image at the  telescope focal plane (spectrograph entrance slit plane) is re-imaged onto a SJC mounted on the bottom  side of the optical bench. The slit plane is tilted 5 degrees to reflect incident light onto a pair of flat relay  mirrors that fold the light down through the optical bench to a re-imaging system mounted to the bottom  side of the optical bench, through a 200 Å wide interference filter centered at 1600 Å, and then onto an  intensified APS camera identical to those discussed above. The SJC re-images the 4' x 16' region of the  slit plane onto the camera with 4.25:1 magnification (matching the magnification of the spectrograph) for  an image plate scale of 1.0"/pixel.  The primary purpose of the RAISE Slit Jaw Camera (SJC) is to provide co-alignment context images  for the spectroscopic observations with those from other ground and space-based platforms. The  relatively broad passband (1600 ± 100Å) SJC image consists of largely chromospheric continuum and a  large contribution (20% of the signal in the quiet-Sun) from the C IV line at 1550Å and provide “cool  loop” and evolving supergranular context for the spectral observations discussed above. The SJC  observations will also enable us to actively study the connection, if any, of broad-frequency spectrum  oscillations in the chromosphere, how they dynamically interact with the magnetic fields that thread the  line of sight of the spectrograph slit and how they connect to the spectroscopic signals in the upper  chromosphere, transition region and low corona (e.g., McIntosh & Poland 2004). </p>

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Sweetener Market Data (SMD) report - beet and cane processors and cane refiners in the U.S. are required by the FAIR Act of 1996, as amended, to report data on physical quantities delivered by use for "Bakery, Cereal and Related Products" on a monthly basis. Quantities are reported by region. Regions include: "New England", "Mid Atlantic", "North Central", "South", "West" and "Puerto Rico".

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Image database of meteorites of lunar origin collected by the Antarctic Search for Meteorites Program.

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A joint venture is a self-directed partnership of agencies, organizations, corporations, tribes, or individuals that has formally accepted the responsibility of implementing national or international bird conservation plans within a specific geographic area or for a specific taxonomic group, and has received general acceptance in the bird conservation community for such responsibility. Federal, state, tribal, or private parties may suggest the development of new joint ventures at any time. The initiating agency or organization will coordinate with potential partners to produce a scoping document or concept plan. circulate the document for review and comment by agencies, organizations, and individuals. Based on this review, a decision as to whether or not to form a management board and develop an implementation plan will be made. submit a draft implementation plan to the Division of Bird Habitat Conservation (Division), which will coordinate the review of the plan within the Service, with the appropriate Flyway Councils (Atlantic, Mississippi, Central, and Pacific), with the national or international boards that oversee the various bird conservation initiatives (North American Waterfowl Management Plan, U.S. Shorebird Conservation Plan, North American Waterbird Conservation Plan, and Partners in Flight), and other interested parties. Based on this review, the Division will determine whether or not a recommendation for Service support of the proposed joint venture should be made to the Director.

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The proposed innovation is a motor-control subsystem capable of operation in extreme environments, including those to be encountered on the Moon and Mars. Specifically, we will demonstrate operation over the environmental range from +130:C down to ?230:C during Phase 1, and from +200:C down to ?230:C during Phase 2. The switching transistors for the controller will be based on silicon-germanium (SiGe) because of its demonstrated ability to operate well at extreme temperatures. The outcome of this project will be an operating hardware system, not a simulation. This innovation will be applicable to upcoming NASA missions to the surface of the Moon and Mars, as well as to other missions that need controllers for motors and actuators operating directly in extreme environments. Motor-control systems are also needed for space-based observatories, for example for the deformable cryogenic optical systems on the James Webb Space Telescope. Moreover, there are potential applications for extreme-temperature power electronics in the industrial, commercial and defense sectors. The Phase 1 demonstration target is an H-bridge control circuit, pulse-width modulated, for controlling the speed and direction of a 20 W dc motor. The circuit will incorporate four silicon-germanium (SiGe) HBTs, because of their demonstrated advantages for extreme-temperature operation. In addition, the proposing organization, GPD Optoelectronics Corp., has developed SiGe power transistors that operate down to ?230:C. The drive circuitry will use optoelectronic coupling. Suitable packaging technologies for the extreme environment will be developed and reliability testing will be performed. A complete prototype system will be delivered at the conclusion of each Phase. The proposed motor-control subsystem is an innovation because there are presently no such subsystems capable of operation over the extreme-environment range from +130:C or +200:C down to ?230:C.

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The 2014 cartographic boundary KMLs are simplified representations of selected geographic areas from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). These boundary files are specifically designed for small-scale thematic mapping. When possible, generalization is performed with the intent to maintain the hierarchical relationships among geographies and to maintain the alignment of geographies within a file set for a given year. Geographic areas may not align with the same areas from another year. Some geographies are available as nation-based files while others are available only as state-based files. The records in this file allow users to map the parts of Urban Areas that overlap a particular county. After each decennial census, the Census Bureau delineates urban areas that represent densely developed territory, encompassing residential, commercial, and other nonresidential urban land uses. In general, this territory consists of areas of high population density and urban land use resulting in a representation of the "urban footprint." There are two types of urban areas: urbanized areas (UAs) that contain 50,000 or more people and urban clusters (UCs) that contain at least 2,500 people, but fewer than 50,000 people (except in the U.S. Virgin Islands and Guam which each contain urban clusters with populations greater than 50,000). Each urban area is identified by a 5-character numeric census code that may contain leading zeroes. Counties are the primary legal divisions of most states are termed counties. In Louisiana, these divisions are known as parishes. In Alaska, which has no counties, the equivalent entities are the organized boroughs, city and boroughs, municipalities, and for the unorganized area, census areas. The latter are delineated cooperatively for statistical purposes by the State of Alaska and the Census Bureau. In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and thus constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation. The District of Columbia and Guam have no primary divisions, and each area is considered an equivalent entity for purposes of data presentation. The Census Bureau treats the following entities as equivalents of counties for purposes of data presentation: Municipios in Puerto Rico, Districts and Islands in American Samoa, Municipalities in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and Islands in the U.S. Virgin Islands. The entire area of the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Island Areas is covered by counties or equivalent entities. The boundaries for counties and equivalent entities are as of January 1, 2010.

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NCAP rates vehicles to determine crash worthiness and rollover safety. The safety ratings are gathered during controlled crash and rollover tests conducted at NHTSA research facilities. Vehicles with a rating of five stars indicate the highest safety rating, whereas a one star indicates the lowest rating.

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The Total Petroleum System is used in the National Assessment Project and incorporates the Assessment Unit, which is the fundamental geologic unit used for the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources. The Total Petroleum System is shown here as a geographic boundary defined and mapped by the geologist responsible for the province and incorporates not only the set of known or postulated oil and (or) gas accumulations, but also the geologic interpretation of the essential elements and processes within the petroleum system that relate to source, generation, migration, accumulation, and trapping of the discovered and undiscovered petroleum resource(s).

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The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) widget reports facilities with hazardous waste activities for a user-specified area of interest as reported under Resource Conservation and Recovery Act requirements

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Work Product Document Bank

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NASA is interested in advancing green technology research for achieving sustainable and environmentally friendly energy sources. Thermo-electric power generation (TEPG) has exceptionally rich potential to fulfill this need. A TEPG module requires (1) material that can provide high figure of merit while still providing efficient heat control; (2) low resistance ohmic contacts that operate at high temperature; and (3) efficient heat sink material to provide optimal temperature difference between hot and cold junctions. In Phase I, we addressed all of these issues. We successfully produced device quality n-type and p-type, single crystalline and bulk nano-composite PbTe material suitable for TEPG device fabrication. We also developed a novel electrical contact technology having low electrical resistance and capability to withstand significantly elevated temperatures (>800 degree C). And we developed a light weight, highly thermal conductive (50 to 60 % better than copper) heat sink material with tailored low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). These improvements allowed us to develop the design and technique for fabrication of large scale TEPG on a manufacturing level. In Phase II we will expand upon these developments and implement them. We will fabricate TEPG devices using the nano-composite materials. These devices will utilize the ohmic contacts and the heat sink technology that we developed. We will also utilize another approach that we developed in which two materials (PbTe and (Bi-Sb)2(Se-Te)3 based alloys) are segmented into a two-part material that has high efficiency over the entire temperature range from 200-500 degreeC, PbTe being at the hot end and the (Bi-Sb)2(Se-Te)3 based material at the cold end. Our ultimate goal will be to build a TEPG module using such segmented devices to demonstrate the generation of 1kWatt of power. We will develop the technology of fabricating these modules at a large scale manufacturing level, at low cost.

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This data set includes data collected over the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) area of Georgia, USA between 16 June and 21 July 2003. The parameters measured were Leaf Area Index (LAI), Multispectral Radiometer (MSR) reflectance, plant height, plant density, areal wet biomass, areal dry biomass, and areal water content. Sampling was performed on fields typical of the South-Georgia Agricultural area. Sampling was concentrated in the Upper Suwannee Watershed, with a greater concentration of sites within the Little River Experimental Watershed. Data are provided in ASCII text files, and are available via FTP. These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.

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Utility level retail sales of electricity and associated revenue in 2010. Organized by reporting month, state, and by end-use sector, i.e., residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation. Based on Form EIA-826 data.

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<p>Increase the tensile strength of CNT fibers to produce composites with specific tensile strengths of 2.0 GPa/(g/cc) and demonstrate their impact on the mechanical properties, coefficient of thermal expansion, and damage tolerance of CFRP</p><p>Approach:</p><ul><li>Increase tensile strength of commercially available CNT materials via  a combination of processing modifications (increased CNT length and improved alignment) and post-processing methods (increase CNT-CNT bond strength)</li><li>Incorporate into composites and perform coupon level tests to quantify improvements in mechanical properties, damage tolerance and dimensional control</li><li>Demonstrate benefits and flight readiness by design, fab, ground and flight test of a CNT reinforced COPV</li><li>Partner with DoD and other agencies under the NNI Sustainable Nanomanufacturing Signature Initiative to leverage resources and capabilities</li><li>Utilize other NASA investments, e.g., Space Technology Research Fellowships, SBIR/STTR to accelerate technology development</li></ul>