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The Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) Database depicts flood risk information and supporting data used to develop the risk data. The primary risk classifications used are the 1-percent-annual-chance flood event, the 0.2-percent-annual-chance flood event, and areas of minimal flood risk. The DFIRM Database is derived from Flood Insurance Studies (FISs), previously published Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs), flood hazard analyses performed in support of the FISs and FIRMs, and new mapping data, where available. The FISs and FIRMs are published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The file is georeferenced to earth's surface using the UTM projection and coordinate system. The specifications for the horizontal control of DFIRM data files are consistent with those required for mapping at a scale of 1:12000.

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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

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Onemetersquare 1 meter x 1 meter benthic substrate at French Frigate Shoals, site P12 23.871N, 166.281 W, between 10 and 11 meters along a permanent transect.

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NASA's new exploration initiative created immediate need for materials science and technology research to enable safe human travel and work on future lunar or Martian long-duration missions. To conduct this research, NASA must have lunar and Martian regolith simulant for materials experiments and prototype testing of transportation equipment, advanced life support systems, and in situ resource processing. This SBIR will conduct a feasibility study on a new generation of lunar and Martian simulants with improved composition and mineralogical analysis. For lunar regolith, Orbital Technologies Corporation (ORBITEC) proposes to recreate the JSC-1 material and study post-production processes to add additional percentages of glass particles to improve composition. A study to assess the feasibility of creating a lunar highlands-type simulant will also be conducted. For Martian regolith, ORBITEC will mine the raw material for the JSC Mars-1 simulant with an improved extraction process to avoid the contamination of the soil that resulted in the non-Martian magnetic component. Additional grain-size particles will also be prepared and combined with the material to improve its grain-size distribution comparison. These innovations combined with the well-documented and received original JSC-1 and Mars-1 source materials will produce simulants that will assist NASA on its future exploration quest.

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This data set consists of time-series spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery of the three Cold Land Processes Field Experiment (CLPX) Meso-cell Study Areas (MSAs) (Fraser, Rabbit Ears, and North Park) acquired by the RADARSAT-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). Images are derived from C-band (5.3 GHz frequency, 5.66 cm wavelength) HH-polarization Standard Beam data for multiple incidence angles. SAR data were acquired through the Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF) and post-processed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, for derivation of ancillary data and assembly of the database. The data series consists of 195 individual radar scenes acquired from 17 February to 23 June 2003. Calibrated radar backscatter images are provided in binary format together with header and facility data record information for each image. Note that the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) holds copyrights over all RADARSAT-1 SAR data. NASA/NOAA-approved SAR researchers are can obtain these data directly from ASF, as per agreements between NASA/NOAA and CSA. No commercial use is allowed of the data or any products derived there from. Users of this data must submit a Research Agreement to ASF. The NASA CLPX is a multi-sensor, multi-scale experiment that focuses on extending a local-scale understanding of water fluxes, storage, and transformations to regional and global scales. Within a framework of nested study areas in the central Rocky Mountains of the western United States, ranging from 1-ha to 160,000 km2, intensive ground, airborne, and spaceborne observations are collected. Data collection focuses on two seasons: mid-winter, when conditions are generally frozen and dry, and early spring, a transitional period when both frozen and thawed, dry and wet conditions are widespread.

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<p>A key challenge in building a large pixel heterodyne array is efficiently and simultaneously delivering the astronomical signal and local oscillator power to each pixel and conveying the output signal from each pixel. When an array is conceived simply by tightly stacking individual receivers, which is the favored approach for high performance arrays, we soon encounter practical topological difficulties in getting the signals in and out: For CHAI there are 128 rf/local oscillator ports, IF signal outputs, mixer bias supply lines in a unit that is no bigger than 4 inches on a side. The key to our approach is to develop a highly integrated LO distribution network and build it into the array.  Many mixer elements are thus pumped by a single source, although the resistive losses in the waveguide hampers the approach for large number of pixels. Second, we will investigate the use of the microwave ribbon cables to draw the signal from the mixer block. Although coaxial cables are used in coherent receiver systems, even small diameter semirigid cables become unwieldy when a small number is involved. The ribbon will convey the signal to the low-noise amplifier array. Several variations of the overall architecture will be evaluated: the differences between single-ended and balanced mixer approaches for a practical instrument will be investigated. While the SUPERCAM instrument has a high degree of integration with the LNA array, the LO and rf beams are still diplexed using a beam splitter approach. Most of the volume of the instrument (~1 cu meter) is simply space occupied by the quasioptical coupling scheme. A more integrated LO subsubsystem could drastically reduce the required volume. In addition, SUPERCAM uses 64 stainless steel coaxial lines to convey the signal from the front-end to the outside. This adds substantial requirements on the cryogenic system and mechanically stresses the focal plane. A ribbon cable to convey the signal from the mixer array to the LNA array and from the LNA array to the outside world is thus a much more elegant approach for implementing a high-pixel count heterodyne array.<br /><br />After the overall concept design is complete, various subsystems will be evaluated in an affordable manner. (1) For the LO distribution network, the plan is to design, fabricate and evaluate small cells of the LO distribution network operating at various frequencies to establish their feasibility. For a THz distribution network, for example, the final diode would have to be placed next to the mixer, as the high waveguide losses will not allow any significant path lengths. (2) Depending on the application the LNA array may be incorporated into the mixer array (aircraft/ground-based instrument) or be kept at a different thermal environment from the mixer (balloon or space-based instrument). These two different configurations will obviously entail different designs for the integrated heterodyne array. CHAI can potentially use either approach, and for reasons of ease of testing the latter is currently preferred. Approaches to implementing both types will be developed and described. (3) The IF is conveyed from the IF amplifiers (and possibly to them as well) by microwave flexible cables, and although this technology is not novel, their use in an astronomical heterodyne receiver has not been demonstrated. Samples would be designed, procured, and measured in the relevant environment and evaluated for loss, cross talk and survivability through multiple deep cryogenic cycles.</p>

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Recent developments in digital terrain and geospatial database management technology make it possible to protect this investment for existing and future projects to a much greater extent than was possible in the past. The minimum requirement for hydraulics data includes input and output files for all hydraulic models and spatial datasets that are needed to implement the models. (Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specs, Appendix M)

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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

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The Floodplain Mapping/Redelineation study deliverables depict and quantify the flood risks for the study area. The primary risk classifications used are the 1-percent-annual-chance flood event, the 0.2-percent-annual- chance flood event, and areas of minimal flood risk. The Floodplain Mapping/Redelineation flood risk boundaries are derived from the engineering information Flood Insurance Studies (FISs), previously published Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs), flood hazard analyses performed in support of the FISs and FIRMs, and new mapping data, where available. The FISs and FIRMs are published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).

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The Integrated Science Data Management (ISDM) office processes oceanographic profiles reported for the world oceans in near real-time from the Global Telecommunications System (GTS) for the Global Temperature and Salinity Profile Program (GTSPP). These data also support the activities of the Ship-of-Opportunity Programme Implementation Panel (SOOPIP) and the WOCE Upper Ocean Thermal Program (WOCE UOT).

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This data set contains measurements taken during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03) from 1 June 2003 to 31 July 2003 from sensors at the Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) station located in Little River, GA, USA. Parameters measured include precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, soil moisture, soil temperature, and soil salinity. Data are provided as tab-delimited ASCII text and are available via FTP. These data were collected as part of a validation study for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). AMSR-E is a mission instrument launched aboard NASA's Aqua Satellite on 04 May 2002. AMSR-E validation studies linked to SMEX are designed to evaluate the accuracy of AMSR-E soil moisture data. Specific validation objectives include assessing and refining soil moisture algorithm performance; verifying soil moisture estimation accuracy; investigating the effects of vegetation, surface temperature, topography, and soil texture on soil moisture accuracy; and determining the regions that are useful for AMSR-E soil moisture measurements.

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Temperature profiles were collected from XBT casts from the EVERGREEN from 24 May 1977 to 28 June 1977. Data were collected by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) as part of the Marine Resources Monitoring, Assessment and Prediction (MARMAP) project. Data were processed by NODC to the NODC standard Universal bathythermograph Output (UBT) format. Full format description is available from NODC at www.nodc.noaa.gov/General/NODC-Archive/bt.html. The UBT format contains temperature-depth profile data obtained using expendable bathythermograph (XBT) instruments. Cruise information, position, date and time were reported for each observation. The data records are comprised of pairs of temperature-depth values. The XBT data files contain temperature values at non-uniform depths. These depths were recorded at the minimum number of points (''''inflection points'''') required to accurately define the temperature curve. Standard XBTs can obtain profiles to depths of 450 m or 760 m. Special instruments permitted measurements to 1830 m.

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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

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This data set contains sensitive biological resource data for western pond turtles and western painted turtles in Columbia River. Vector polygons in this data set represent locations of turtle distributions. Species-specific abundance, seasonality, status, life history, and source information are stored in relational data tables (described below) designed to be used in conjunction with this spatial data layer.This data set comprises a portion of the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) data for Columbia River. ESI data characterize the marine and coastal environments and wildlife by their sensitivity to spilled oil. The ESI data include information for three main components: shoreline habitats, sensitive biological resources, and human-use resources.

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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

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Collaborative Routing Rationing Algorithm Project

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Specular gloss is the perception by an observer of the mirror-like appearance of a surface. The measurement of specular gloss consists of comparing the luminous reflectance from a test sample to that from a calibrated gloss standard, under the same experimental conditions. Therefore, gloss is a dimensionless and psychophysical quantity whose accurate determination depends on the characteristics of the measuring instrument and on the gloss standard. Several documentary standards describe the proper measurement conditions to determine specular gloss for specific surfaces. The International Organization for Standards ISO 2813 and the American Society for Testing Materials ASTM D523 describe the measurement procedure for specular gloss of nonmetallic samples, including the spectral and geometrical conditions of measurement. The spectral flux distribution of the illuminator is CIE standard illuminant C and the spectral responsivity of the receiver is the CIE spectral luminous efficiency function. There are also three standard geometries, corresponding to illumination angles of 20°, 60°, and 85°, each with specifications on the angular extent of the rays within the influx and efflux. The NIST reference goniophotometer was originally developed at NIST in the 1970's. In 1999, the goniophotometer was updated, automated, and characterized to ensure proper operation and to verify agreement with the ISO and ASTM standards for specular gloss of nonmetallic samples. This instrument is a monoplane gonio-instrument with a fixed illuminator and a rotating sample table and receiver arm. The illuminator supplies the influx onto the sample. It consists of a light source, a set of condenser lenses, a source aperture, a collimating lens, a depolarizer, a color filter, and an iris. The light source is a quartz-tungsten-halogen incandescent lamp rated at 100 W. A constant dc current of 6.3 A runs through the lamp from a computer-controlled power supply. This current was chosen so that the spectral flux distribution from the lamp approximates CIE standard illuminant A. A scrambler is used to provide unpolarized light, and a color filter BG-34, 2.7 mm thick, converts the spectral flux distribution to CIE standard illuminant C. The goniometer positions the sample and receiver for bi-directional luminous reflectance or transmittance measurements. It consists of two computer-controlled rotation stages. The sample stage has a diameter of 48 cm and the sample holder can accommodate rectangular samples with dimensions up to 10 cm high by 20 cm wide by 25 mm thick. The receiver is attached to a rotation stage whose axis of rotation is collinear with the rotation stage for the sample and collects and measures the efflux from the sample. It consists of an iris, a focusing lens, a receiver aperture, an averaging sphere, and a detector. The receiver aperture is located at the entrance port of the averaging sphere, and is the field stop of the receiver. The averaging sphere has a diameter of 30.5 cm and is packed with pressed polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). A photopic detector is located at the detector port of the averaging sphere and consists of a silicon photodiode and a filter that in combination approximates the spectral luminous efficiency function V λ. The detector is temperature controlled with a thermoelectric heater and has an integral current-to-voltage amplifier. The voltage output from the detector is measured by a 6 ½ digit voltmeter and sent to a computer. The accuracy of specular gloss measurements depends not only on the properties of the instrument but also to a considerable extent on the primary gloss standard. A new primary gloss standard using BaK50 barium crown glass has been developed at NIST. It possesses high chemical and mechanical durability and an index of refraction at the sodium D line of n D= 1.5677. Different calibration procedures are detailed, and the new standard is compared with other primary standards. The new gloss standard and the NIST reference goniophotometer provide an accurate calibration facility for specular gloss. The NIST Calibration Services Program offers Service ID Number 38090S, Special Test of Specular Gloss.

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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

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This annual narrative report for Roanoke River National Wildlife Refuge summarizes Refuge activities during the 2003 calendar year. The report begins with an introduction to the Refuge and a summary of the years highlights and climatic conditions. Information about monitoring and studies including surveys and censuses is provided next. Habitat restoration and management projects are also covered; activities include wetland restoration, water level management, and forest cutting. Fish and wildlife management is discussed next with emphasis on bird banding. Coordination activities, such as interagency coordination, private lands activities easements, and cooperativefriends organizations, are outlined. The resource protection section provides information about law enforcement, permits, contaminant investigation, and land acquisition. Information about public education and recreation is given including insert public education topics. Finally, Refuge planning and administration are discussed; topics include the Comprehensive Conservation Plan CCP and general administration.

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The data in this collection are part of the historical profile data collection acquired by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Marine Environmental Data Service, Canada. It includes three data subsets of bottle data: 1873-1950, 1951-1980, and 1981-2005.

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This data set was collected during February-March 2000 wet season and September 2000 dry season field campaigns of SAFARI 2000. Mongu in Zambia and Pandematenga (aka Kasane) and Tshane in Botswana were visited during the wet season campaign. Dry season data are for Mongu only. Hemispherical photographs, from which Plant Area Index (PAI) estimates are derived, were obtained at the field sites to characterize vegetation structural changes along the Kalahari Transect. The photographs are classified into sky and vegetation (trunk, green and senescent leaves, and branches) using an unsupervised classification scheme.

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Catalog Ingest Tool (1.1.0)