Summary

Description

Many of the known hazing techniques or deterrents were observed during this survey. We are dealing with a wide array of birds in varying physical condition responding to available water in the desert. Although these devicesstructures appear to work on some species under some circumstances, birds continue to die in the presence of deterrents. As a group it can be said such efforts are better than doing nothing, but we have no expectation that they will eliminate mortality of migratory birds. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service does not recommend hazing techniques or deterrents as a means of compliance with the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. Migratory bird mortality through cyanide toxicosis may be eliminated at heap leach extraction facilities and mill tailings ponds through initial designs or retrofit structures which deny birds access to toxic solutions. Mill tailings ponds are being successfully detoxified with chemical agents. Where relatively low concentrations of cyanide are required for mill extraction, opportunities may exist to rely upon and enhance natural detoxification. Both forms of detoxification require a longterm maintenance commitment. Hazing techniques or deterrents are not recommended as a solution where migratory bird mortality occurs.