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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

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Shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler data collected during the Integrated Acoustic and Trawl Surveys of Pacific Hake. Processing by: Stephen Pierce, Oregon State University (P. M. Kosro also performed some processing steps in the 1998 case) Date: 16 August 2006 Data quality: Good in general Missing or poor-quality data have been omitted. This dataset has a simple simple version of observed velocities, useful for most purposes. The complete data sets with all configuration and processing details and diagnostic data (e.g. error velocity, AGC, spectral width) are available from the NODC Joint Archive for Shipboard ADCP, or by request from S. Pierce. Processing steps included: editing of the data using various diagnostics, calibration of the phase and amplitude errors of the ADCP/navigation/gyrocompass system by covariability analysis between currents and ship velocity, reference layer velocity smoothing, and final production of earth-referenced velocities. For more details regarding methods, see: Pierce et al. (2000), DSR II 47, 811-829. Contact: Dr. Stephen D. Pierce, spierce@coas.oregonstate.edu

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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

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MODIS (or Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) is a key instrument aboard the Terra (EOS AM) and Aqua (EOS PM) satellites. Terra's orbit around the Earth is timed so that it passes from north to south across the equator in the morning, while Aqua passes south to north over the equator in the afternoon. Terra MODIS and Aqua MODIS are viewing the entire Earth's surface every 1 to 2 days, acquiring data in 36 spectral bands, or groups of wavelengths (see MODIS Technical Specifications). These data will improve our understanding of global dynamics and processes occurring on the land, in the oceans, and in the lower atmosphere. MODIS is playing a vital role in the development of validated, global, interactive Earth system models able to predict global change accurately enough to assist policy makers in making sound decisions concerning the protection of our environment.

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This narrative report for Lake Andes NWR outlines Refuge accomplishments from January through April of 1962. The report begins by summarizing the weather conditions, habitat conditions, water conditions, and food and cover during this period. Wildlife including migratory birds, upland game birds, raptors, and fish is also covered. The Refuge development and maintenance section discusses collections and receipts and prescribed burning. A progress report on field investigations and applied research is also provided. The public relations section of the report describes Refuge visitors, Refuge participation, and safety. Items of interest, NR forms, and photographs are attached.

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Towed-diver surveys (aka. Towboard surveys) are conducted by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) of the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) as part of biennial Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP) Cruises. These cruises support NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) long-term goals for sustainable management and conservation of coral reef ecosystems. 11 towboard surveys (23.0781 km in length), were conducted at Maug Islands in the Marianas Archipelago from 15 April - 7 May 2009 as part of RAMP Cruise HI0903. Towboard surveys are a good method for obtaining a general description of large reef areas, assessing the status of low-density populations of large-bodied reef fish, large-scale disturbances (e.g., bleaching), general distribution and abundance patterns of macro-invertebrates (e.g., COT, giant clams), and for assessing trends in these populations and metrics. A pair of scuba divers (1 fish and 1 benthic diver) are towed 60 m behind a small survey launch at a speed of 1-2 knots and a depth of approximately 15m. Each survey is 50 min long, covers about 2 km of habitat, and is divided into ten 5-minute survey segments. The fish diver records, to the lowest possible taxon, all large-bodied reef fishes (>50cmTL) seen within 5m either side and 10m in front of the towboard. Length of each individual is estimated to the nearest cm. The fish towboard is also outfitted with a forward-facing digital video camera to record the survey swath. The benthic diver records percent cover of coral and macroalgae, estimates benthic habitat type and complexity, and censuses a suite of benthic macroinvertebrates including Crown of Thorns sea stars and sea urchins. The benthic towboard is equipped with a downward-facing digital still camera which images the benthos at 15 second intervals. These images are analyzed for percent cover of coral, algae, and other benthic components. Both towboards are equipped with SEABIRD SBE-39 temperature/depth sensors set to record at 5 second intervals. Latitude and longitude of each survey track is recorded at 15 second intervals using a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver onboard the tow boat. A layback algorithm is applied to more accurately map the position of the divers with respect to the reef environment. This algorithm calculates the position of the divers based on the position of the tow boat taking into account the length of the tow rope, the depth of the divers, and the curvature of the survey track. This metadata applies to the fish biomass observations.

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Temperature profile data were collected using bathythermograph (BT/XBT) casts from HAKUSAN MARU in the Pacific Ocean from April 20, 1977 to April 28, 1977. Data were submitted by Scripps Institution of Oceanography as part of the Thermal Structure Monitoring Program in the Pacific (TRANSPAC) project. Data were processed by NODC to the NODC standard Universal Bathythermograph Output (UBT) format. Full BT descriptions are available at http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/General/NODC-Archive/bt.html. The UBT format contains temperature-depth profile data obtained using expendable bathythermograph (XBT) instruments. Cruise information, position, date and time were reported for each observation. The data record was comprised of pairs of temperature-depth values. Unlike the MBT Data File, in which temperature values were recorded at uniform 5 m intervals, the XBT data files contained temperature values at non-uniform depths. These depths were recorded at the minimum number of points (''inflection points'') required to accurately define the temperature curve. Standard XBTs can obtain profiles to depths of either 450 or 760 m. With special instruments, measurements can be obtained to 1830 m.

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The Integrated Science Data Management (ISDM) office processes oceanographic profiles reported for the world oceans in near real-time from the Global Telecommunications System (GTS) for the Global Temperature and Salinity Profile Program (GTSPP). These data also support the activities of the Ship of Opportunity Programme Implementation Panel (SOOPIP)and the WOCE Upper Ocean Thermal Program (WOCE UOT).

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In order to test hypotheses about groundwater flow under and into Chesapeake Bay, geophysical surveys were conducted by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists on Chesapeake Bay and the Potomac River Estuary in September 2006. Chesapeake Bay resource managers are concerned about nutrients that are entering the estuary via submarine groundwater discharge, which are contributing to eutrophication. The USGS has performed many related studies in recent years to provide managers with information necessary to make informed decisions about this issue. The research carried out as part of the study described here was designed to help refine nutrient budgets for Chesapeake Bay by characterizing submarine groundwater flow and discharge of groundwater beneath part of the mainstem and a major tributary, the Potomac River Estuary.

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<p> <span style="font-family: "Lucida Grande";">The purpose of this proposed research is to develop a new air purification system based on a liquid membrane, capable of purifying carbon dioxide from air in a far more compact and energy efficient system than what is currently possible. The approach relies on recent advances in supported liquid membranes, which allow us to make mechanically stable, ultra-thin supported liquids that have permeability and selectivity for carbon dioxide over one order of magnitude greater than existing approaches. Most critically, because these membranes use a liquid as an active material, it is possible to electrochemically pump the carbon dioxide, making it viable to build an air purification system that uses no mechanical components such as compressors. Such an innovation will dramatically improve NASA's capabilities to sustain manned spacecraft, including missions to Mars or other long-term space habitation.</span></p> <script id="dstb-id" language="javascript"> if(typeof(dstb)!= "undefined"){ dstb();}</script>

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Atmospheric vertical profile estimates and associated errors (diagonals and covariance matrices), along with retrieved surface temperature, cloud effective optical depth, column estimates, quality flags, averaging kernels and a priori constraint vectors. (Suggested Usage: Profiles can be compared to other measurements or models of this species or used as input to global chemical/dynamical models)

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Description

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

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This narrative report for Valentine NWR outlines Refuge accomplishments from November, 1941 through January, 1942. The report begins by summarizing the weather conditions and water conditions during this period. Wildlife including migratory birds, upland game birds, big game animals, furbearers, predators, rodents, mammals, and raptors is also covered. The Refuge development and maintenance section discusses physical developments, plantings, and wildfires. Resource management is outlined; topics include grazing and fur harvesting. A progress report on field investigations and applied research is also provided. The public relations section of the report describes Refuge visitors and hunting. Photographs are attached.

Summary

Description

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

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The version 8 SBUV/2 NOAA-16 ozone data were first released at the 2004 Quadrennial Ozone Symposium on DVD. The DVD contained all of the SBUV/2 data from NOAA-9, NOAA-11 and NOAA-16 satellites as well as SBUV data from the Nimbus-7 satellite. The DVD is no longer available, however all the data are available on-line from the NASA GES DISC. The NOAA-16 SBUV/2 v8 data are available from 2000-10-03 to 2003-12-31. The instrument spatial resolution is 180 km x 180 km footprint at nadir. The ozone profiles are made at 21 pressure levels between 1000 and 0.1 hPa. Each data file contains a days worth of ozone measurements, and is written in an ASCII text format. The SBUV/2 is a scanning double monochromator and a cloud cover radiometer (CCR) designed to measure ultraviolet (UV) spectral intensities. In its primary mode of operation, the monochromator measures solar radiation backscattered by the atmosphere in 12 discrete wavelength bands in the near-UV, ranging from 252.0 to 339.8 nanometers, each with a bandpass of 1.1 nm. The total-ozone algorithm uses the four longest wavelength bands (312.5, 317.5, 331.2 and 339.8 nm), whereas the profiling algorithm uses the shorter wavelengths. The cloud cover radiometer operates at 379 nm (i.e., outside the ozone absorption band) with a 3.0 nm bandpass and was designed to measure the reflectivity of the surface in the IFOV. The SBUV/2 also makes periodic measurements of the solar flux by deploying a diffuser plate into the FOV to reflect sunlight into the measurement.From these data, the following atmospheric properties can be deduced: * The global and vertical distribution of stratospheric ozone. * The structure and dynamics of stratospheric ozone. * Photochemical processes and the influence of "trace" constituents on the ozone layer. * Long-term solar activity in the Ultraviolet spectrum.

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The Disaster Case Management Program (DCM) is a time-limited process that involves a partnership between a case manager and a disaster survivor (also known as a “client”) to develop and carry out a Disaster Recovery Plan. This partnership provides the client with a single point of contact to facilitate access to a broad range of resources. The DCM process involves: • Assessment of the client’s needs caused by the disaster • Development of a goal-oriented plan that outlines the steps necessary to achieve recovery • Organization and coordination of available resources that match the client’s needs • Monitoring recovery plan goal progress • Client advocacy if necessary

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MODIS (or Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) is a key instrument aboard the Terra (EOS AM) and Aqua (EOS PM) satellites. Terra's orbit around the Earth is timed so that it passes from north to south across the equator in the morning, while Aqua passes south to north over the equator in the afternoon. Terra MODIS and Aqua MODIS are viewing the entire Earth's surface every 1 to 2 days, acquiring data in 36 spectral bands, or groups of wavelengths (see MODIS Technical Specifications). These data will improve our understanding of global dynamics and processes occurring on the land, in the oceans, and in the lower atmosphere. MODIS is playing a vital role in the development of validated, global, interactive Earth system models able to predict global change accurately enough to assist policy makers in making sound decisions concerning the protection of our environment.

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Onemetersquare 1 meter x 1 meter benthic substrate at Pearl Hermes Atoll, site P12 27.763 N, 175.973 W, between 0 and 1 meters along a permanent transect.

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Superconducting electric propulsion systems will yield improvements in total ownership costs due to the simplicity of electric drive when compared with gas turbine engines, and due to greater power densities and efficiencies of electromechanical energy conversion processes. Two principal types have been considered in Naval propulsion studies that have promise for all electric aircraft. Both of these classes of motor, however, have technical risk attributes that are less than ideal with respect to reliability and efficiency: complex rotating cryocoolers for the AC synchronous machine, and low voltage (hence high current) brushed armatures for the DC acyclic (homopolar) machine. SatCon proposes a 'stationary field synchronous motor', which combines the benefits of both synchronous and acyclic motors by combining the ability to use COTS cryocoolers inherent to the acyclic motor with power transfer to the armature at reasonable voltage and current levels. This will be traded off against an AC synchronous machine using a rotating cryocooler with a novel flow management design to reduce the complexity and losses. The result of the two-phase effort will be the design, prototyping, and testing of an improved power density superconducting propulsion motor suitable for aircraft propulsion applications.

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The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is the first NASA mission designed to collect space-based measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the precision, resolution, and coverage needed to characterize the processes controlling its buildup in the atmosphere. The OCO-2 project uses the LEOStar-2 spacecraft that carries a single instrument. It incorporates three high-resolution spectrometers that make coincident measurements of reflected sunlight in the near-infrared CO2 near 1.61 and 2.06 μm and in molecular oxygen (O2) A-Band at 0.76 μm The three spectrometers have different characteristics and are calibrated independently. Their raw data numbers (DN) are delivered correlated in time to the Level 1B process as Level 1A products. Each band has 1016 spectral elements, although some are masked out in the L2 retrieval. This product is the output from the Level 1B process. It converts the raw instrument data numbers into calibrated radiances. This conversion is based upon files of instrument characteristics and algorithm parameters that may vary over time. In addition to calibrated radiances, the Level 1B output products have geolocation information recorded for each measurement for use in higher­-level processes.

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A multidisciplinary team of marine scientists has completed a program entitled Stability and Change in Gulf of Mexico Chemosynthetic Communities. The program was carried out under contract with the Department of Interior, Minerals Management Service (MMS), with technical supervision of the Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf Regional Office, New Orleans, Louisiana. The fundamental concern of the program was the effect that development of offshore energy reserves might have upon dense assemblages of deep-sea organisms, particularly chemosynthetic tubeworms, mussels, and clams, as well as fish and crustaceans, that live in association with them. Hydrocarbons from commercial oil and gas reserves escape into the sea bottom at natural seeps found commonly across the Gulf of Mexico's northern continental slope. Chemosynthetic animals utilize chemical energy from hydrocarbons to maintain colonies that have unusually high biomass compared with the sea bottom elsewhere. Chemosynthetic communities at hydrocarbon seeps were discovered in 1984 and have been previously investigated in studies funded by MMS. However, more knowledge was needed about the life history and ecology of chemosynthetic communities in the Gulf of Mexico. The program has produced a substantial body of findings, which include numerous peer-reviewed publications and student theses in addition to the results detailed in the final report. Given the pace of publication, it is likely that this productivity will continue for some time to come.

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Description

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

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This firm has, in ongoing work in collaboration with the Air Force, NASA and JPL, developed a unique Variable Emittance technology based on the electrochromism of unique Conducting Polymers. This comprises thin (< 0.5 mm), flexible, lightweight (0.16 g/cm^2), variable area (0.5 cm^2 to 0.5 m^2), very low cost flat panels. Delta Emittance (DE) of 0.33 in space-qualified devices, and 0.53 in vacuum-durable unsealed devices, has been demonstrated. All space durability tests e.g. thermal vacuum, gamma-radiation and solar wind have been passed. A 90 cm2 panel and Controller are scheduled to fly on NASA?s ST5 microsatellite mission in 2004. A key technical barrier of this technology has however been the need to encapsulate and hermetically seal devices in CsI windows, due to a semi-solid electrolyte that does not function when completely desiccated. This causes the DE of > 0.53 in unsealed devices to fall to < 0.35 in sealed devices. The use of a just-discovered, truly solid, room temperature molten salt electrolyte compatible with our electrochromic system will permit the use of unsealed devices, allowing DE of 0.53. Intelligent design, with embedded sensors reading Emittance directly, and coatings reducing Solar Absorptance to < 0.2, are also planned.