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These files contain 1-foot GSD high-resolution orthorectified aerial image map products in GeoTIFF version 6.0 file format. GeoTIFF files are uncompressed raster images complete with coordinate information. The VBMP project encompasses the entire land area of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The State boundary is buffered by 1000 feet. Coastal areas of the State bordering the Atlantic Ocean or the Chesapeake Bay are buffered by 1000 feet or the extent of man-made features extending from shore. 1-foot resolution digital orthoimagery was developed over the majority of urban/suburban areas of the Commonwealth covering approximately 7,167 square miles and 2-foot resolution digital orthoimagery was developed over the rural areas of the Commonwealth covering approximately 31,923 square miles as defined by VGIN. 6-inch resolution digital orthoimagery was developed in limited urban areas covering approximately 1000 square miles.

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Bathymetric contours were generated from soundings collected by National Ocean Service vessels from ~1900 to ~1971. The 1:250,000 maps are available for U.S. coastal waters. Bathymetric contours are in meters, with 10 meter intervals out to 200 m, supplemented by 2 m contours. Beyond 200 m, contours are at 50 m intervals to maximum depth. The GIS database derived from these maps includes the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas in western and northern Alaska (~100 maps).

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Section 54A of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) provides rules for the issuance and use of qualified tax credit bonds including new clean renewable energy bonds, qualified energy conservation bonds, qualified zone academy bonds, and qualified school construction bonds.

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Terrain data, as defined in FEMA Guidelines and Specifications, Appendix M: Data Capture Standards, describes the digital topographic data that was used to create the elevation data representing the terrain environment of a watershed and/or floodplain. Terrain data requirements allow for flexibility in the types of information provided as sources used to produce final terrain deliverables. Once this type of data is provided, FEMA will be able to account for the origins of the flood study elevation data. (Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specifications, Appendix M, Section N.1.2).

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<p> a)     Addition of flywheels to space flight exercise hardware in order to simulate free weight inertia increases wear on equipment and has resulted in costly repairs to exercise hardware in space. Ground based exercise studies have shown improved bone density and muscle strength with exercise equipment that use pneumatic resistance forces and have no added inertial forces beyond that derived from the mass of the human body.  An exhaustive literature search revealed no direct comparisons between pneumatic resistance exercise devices and weight stack or free weight exercises used to maintain or strengthen bone and muscle. In the absence of a direct comparison, exercise prescriptions and exercise equipment requirements specifying simulation of weight stack type rate dependent variability in forces on the ARED for health maintenance have been based upon opinion. Use of weight stack exercise equipment and flywheels to simulate weight stack characteristics reduces loads below the target level in up to half of the weight lifting cycle, results in poorly controlled rate dependent variability in loads, and can induce injurious peak loads. This variability undermines the exercise requirements for constant load with a high eccentric to concentric load ratio agreed upon by musculoskeletal and exercise scientists who defined ARED requirements for ISS. Numerous studies in the literature show exercise equipment that provides high concentric and eccentric loads improves bone density and muscle strength, with and without transient loads due to mass moment of inertia. Despite low levels of evidence  that impact  (separate from high sustained loads) is beneficial to bone and muscle, many exercise guidelines continue to state impact is desirable for bone maintenance. Impact is contraindicated in individuals with arthritis and joint injuries. Therefore, use of the ISS ARED to demonstrate that high constant loads without transient loads maintains bone and muscle will be beneficial to NASA in simplifying hardware design and maintenance and will improve exercise safety. Information generated in this proposed activity will be used to support  exercise improvements that will enhance durability, safety, and efficiency of exercise hardware for space flight.</p>

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Energid Technologies proposes a software tool to predict robotic mission performance and support supervision of robotic missions even when environments and situations are profoundly unknown. It transcends common Monte Carlo simulations by supporting input parameters for which probability distributions are not available. Stochastic optimization is combined with randomized simulation to bound statistical measures of performance and convey the parameters giving the extreme scenarios. It also provides 3D immersive presentation of those scenarios. The act of performing multiple simulation runs in real time is enabled by the fast simulation capability provided by Energid Technologies' existing software combined with the development of new algorithms and software. The new algorithms cover path planning, scene rendering, sensor modeling, and robot-terrain interaction modeling. In the new software, automatic path planning is calculated using a combination of static and dynamic techniques. Scene rendering for sensor modeling is implemented using fast ray tracing for low-update-rate sensors and ray-tracing-validated rasterization for fast-update-rate sensors. Robot-terrain interaction is calculated through particle simulations implemented on graphics cards. For maximum performance, the new software allows distribution of randomized simulation runs over multiple networked PCs and cloud-based clusters. This combination of fast algorithms and statistical optimization offers a tool that provides new engineering insights and data. The software will be demonstrated on the example mission of searching for ice near near the southern lunar pole, giving evidence of the ability of the tool to support challenging relevant missions.

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This data set contains catch (landed catch) and effort for fishing trips made by vessels that have been issued a Federal permit for the Gulf of Mexico reef fish, South Atlantic snapper-grouper, sharks, and king and Spanish mackerel fisheries. Because the soak time for these fisheries is relatively short, it is infeasible to require fishermen to complete a separate form every time the gear is deployed. Thus, the catch and effort data for the entire trip are reported on a single form (i.e., one form per trip). In 1990, the Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC) initiated a logbook program for vessels that held a federal vessel permit to fish in the Gulf reef fish fishery. A similar program was initiated in 1992 for vessels with federal permits in the snapper-grouper fishery in the South Atlantic region. These two programs combined to form the basis of the coastal fisheries logbook program. In 1993, this program was expanded to include vessels with federal permits in the shark fishery and in 1999 it was expanded to include vessels with commercial vessel permits in the king and Spanish mackerel fisheries. The types of information required on this trip form includes information on the quantity (reported in pounds) caught for each species, the area of catch, the type and quantity of gear, the date of departure and return, the dealer and location (county and state where the trip is unloaded), the duration of the trip (time away from dock), an estimate of the fishing time, and the number of crew are included on this form.

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This is an extensive list of vegetation and vertebrates at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center based on information gathered during the years 19361946.

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Chronic Conditions among Medicare Beneficiaries is a chartbook prepared by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and created to provide an overview of chronic conditions among Medicare beneficiaries. The chartbook highlights the prevalence of chronic conditions among Medicare beneficiaries and the impact of chronic conditions on Medicare service utilization and spending. The Portable Document File format allows for online viewing and printing of the entire chartbook, the data tables provide spreadsheets with the underlying data, and the presentation includes all the chartbook figures for print or download.

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This project expands on the FY12 external facing portal implementation and leverages the Identity Management solution framework to provide greater efficiency for USAID and business and partners to securely and reliably conduct day to day business transact.

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The purpose of this exchange is to disclose data from the SSA Master Beneficiary Record (MBR) to VA. This disclosure will provide VA with the data to update the master records of VA beneficiaries receiving income-dependent benefits and to adjust VA income dependent benefits.

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This data set is a subset of Cogley's 1998 global hydrographic data set (GGHYDRO, Release 2.2). The subset was created for the study area of the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) in South America. The subset is organized into 19 files containing terrain type, stream frequency counts, major drainage basins, and annual water runoff for the LBA study area. The data are presented at a spatial resolution of 1-degree latitude by 1-degree longitude in ASCII GRID file format.

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RadLex is a controlled terminology for radiology and serves as a single unified source of radiology terms for radiology practice, education, and research. RadLex is a comprehensive lexicon for standardized indexing and retrieval of radiology information resources. With more than 30,000 terms, RadLex satisfies the needs of software developers, system vendors and radiology users by adopting the best features of existing terminology systems while producing new terms to fill critical gaps. RadLex also provides a comprehensive and technology-friendly replacement for the ACR Index for Radiological Diagnoses. It unifies and supplements other lexicons and standards, such as SNOMED-CT, LOINC, and DICOM. As images, image reports, and medical records continue to move online RadLex meets the need of physicians to organize and retrieve image data using a common set of terms.
 
 RadReport is a radiology reporting initiative that is a part of RadLex. RadReport aims to improve reporting practices by creating a library of clear and consistent report templates. Report templates and information about RadReport is available at the link in Resource 2.
 

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The Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) Database depicts flood risk information and supporting data used to develop the risk data. The primary risk classifications used are the 1-percent-annual-chance flood event, the 0.2-percent-annual-chance flood event, and areas of minimal flood risk. The DFIRM Database is derived from Flood Insurance Studies (FISs), previously published Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs), flood hazard analyses performed in support of the FISs and FIRMs, and new mapping data, where available. The FISs and FIRMs are published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The file is georeferenced to earth's surface using the State Plane projection and coordinate system. The specifications for the horizontal control of DFIRM data files are consistent with those required for mapping at a scale of 1:12,000.

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Digital orthographic imagery datasets contain georeferenced images of the Earth's surface, collected by a sensor in which object displacement has been removed for sensor distortions and orientation, and terrain relief. Digital orthoimages have the geometric characteristics of a map, and image qualities of a photograph. (Source: Circular A-16, p. 16)

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<p><span style="line-height:1.6em">Prior to electrolysis, the water generated as an intermediate product must be treated to remove absorbed hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids, byproducts derived from trace amounts of fluoride and chloride present in lunar regolith. In terrestrial applications, removal of chloride and fluoride from water is a relatively trivial process due to the availability of consumable adsorbents, or by utilizing other processes that require frequent regeneration. None of these processes are applicable in the lunar environment, however, where resources are scarce.</span></p><p>We previously studied Nafion, a commercially-available sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene polymer membrane, as an ISRU filtration material because it can continuously facilitate water transport and acid rejection without the need for replacement or regeneration. While Nafion showed promise as a filtration membrane, it was unable to remove sufficient quantities of contaminants, particularly fluoride, and would require very large membrane contact areas to generate appreciable quantities of clean water. Electrodialysis was chosen as an alternative water purification process for the present study, due to its extensive industrial pedigree and demonstrated ability to rapidly produce a clean water supply and concentrated waste brine.</p><p>Electrodialysis uses the principle of ion exchange. An electrodialysys stack contains alternating cation and anion exchange membranes between two electrodes, with fluid-containing channels between each. Initially contaminated feed (diluent) and initially clean waste (concentrate) solutions are passed through every other chamber as direct current is applied across the electrodes. Anionic contaminants in the diluent solution diffuse across the anion exchange membrane toward the anode (positively charged electrode), while cationic contaminants diffuse across the cation exchange membrane toward the cathode (negatively charged electrode). The ionic species become trapped in the concentrate solution, as the current directs anions toward cation exchange membranes through which they cannot diffuse, and vice-versa.</p><p>When dissolved in water, HCl and HF dissociate into their individual ionic species, i.e. H<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>-</sup> and F<sup>-</sup>. As a strong acid, HCl fully dissociates into its respective ions, while HF, a weak acid, only partially dissociates in an equilibrium process. It is therefore expected that HCl will rapidly and nearly completely diffuse from the diluent to the concentrate stream, while HF will diffuse into the concentrate stream more slowly, as the gradual removal of fluoride ions will allow more HF to dissociate and be removed from the diluent stream. It is also expected that as the ion concentration in the concentrate stream increases, osmotic pressure will drive water from the diluent to the concentrate stream over time, reducing the yield of clean water. As a result, experiments focused on optimizing both the quantity of chloride and fluoride ions removed from the diluent stream, and the rapidity of ion transfer.</p>

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The project area is composed of 16 counties in the State of South Carolina - Cherokee, Union, Laurens, Greenwood, Newberry, Chester, Fairfield, Lancaster, Chesterfield, Marlboro, Darlington, Dillon, Marion, Williamsburg, Clarendon, and Orangeburg. The project area consists of approximately 10,194 square miles including a buffer of 50 feet along the edges of the project area and an additional buffer in some areas. The project design of the lidar data acquisition was developed to support a nominal post spacing of 1.4 meters. The Fugro EarthData, Inc. acquisition team of Fugro Horizons, Inc. and North West Group acquired 721 flight lines in 44 lifts from January 15, 2008 through February 10, 2008. The data was divided into 5000' by 5000' foot cells that serve as the tiling scheme. Lidar data collection was performed with a Cessna 310 aircraft, utilizing a Leica ALS50-II MPiA sensor, collecting multiple return x, y, and z data as well as intensity data. Lidar data was processed to achieve a bare ground surface (Classes 2 and 8). Lidar data is remotely sensed high-resolution elevation data collected by an airborne collection platform. Using a combination of laser range finding, GPS positioning and inertial measurement technologies, lidar instruments are able to make highly detailed Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of the earth's terrain, man-made structures, and vegetation.

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The reported growth rates of Karenia brevis vary from 0.2 to 0.5 divisions per day, both in laboratory and field populations observed. This growth rate alone is not sufficiently high to account for its dominance in the water column. However, careful studies have not been carried out to determine if the documented slow growth rate of K. brevis persists throughout bloom development, or if different rates of growth might characterize bloom initiation, growth, maintenance, and termination phases. For example, it is conceivable that an "explosive" growth stage occurs early during bloom initiation/growth stages that serves to boost the population size, which has not been previously documented. Like most autotrophic dinoflagellates studied, cell division in K. brevis blooms is phased to the diel cycle. Diel phasing of cell division imposes a maximum potential growth rate of 1 division per day in dinoflagellates. The occurrence of an "explosive growth stage" would require the release of K. brevis cells from mechanisms which regulate this circadian rhythm. To address this question, diel phasing of the cell cycle of K. brevis was first documented in laboratory isolates of K. brevis. In situ diel studies were then carried out on naturally occurring blooms of K. brevis during the R/V Pelican cruise (1996) and during ECOHAB process cruises carried out during years 1-5 of ECOHAB Florida (1997-2001). Cell cycle distribution of K. brevis cells and correlation of cell cycle events with vertical migration was determined by sampling at multiple depths (minimum of surface and bottom, depending on depth). For shipboard field studies, whole water samples of K. brevis (1-2 L) were collected every 2 or 3 h throughout a diel cycle, fixed in glutaraldehyde and stored in the dark. Further processing of samples was carried out in the laboratory following completion of the cruise. The flow cytometry method method of Van Dolah and Leighfield was used (1999. J. Phycology 35:1404-1411). Glutaraldehyde-fixed whole water samples were filtered through a 100 micrometer nitex screen to remove large phytoplankton/zooplankton/debris, then filtered by gravity flow through a 10 micrometer nylon screen to collect K. brevis cells. Cells were collected from the screen by rinsing with 2% glutaraldehyde into a 50 ml polypropylene centrifuge tube, then centrifuged at 1000 x g. The cell pellet was then treated with 2 ml of 20 degrees C methanol overnight to remove pigments. Methanol extracted cells were collected by centrifugation (500xg for 3 min) and resuspended in phosphate buffered saline + 0.5% Tween 20 containing 10 micrograms. mL-1 propidium iodide (PI, Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and 10 mg/ml Rnase (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). DNA analysis was carried out on an Epics MXL4 flow cytometer (Coulter, Miami, FL) using a 5 W argon laser with a 488 nm excitation wavelength and 635 nm emission wavelength. Cell aggregates were eliminated by gating all histograms within the linear range using a peak-area cytogram for PI fluorescence. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed using Multicycle software (Phoenix Flow Systems, San Diego, CA). Purpose: The research conducted in this portion of the Florida ECOHAB Program will provide insight into which the role of endogenous cellular rhythms in regulating the accumulation growth phase of K. brevis blooms decline by conducting cell cycle studies. This work entails both both laboratory and field experiments. Laboratory studies will be carried out to identify cell cycle regulatory mechanisms in K. brevis, using western blotting to identify cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases in K. brevis, and to determine their relative levels of expression in actively growing versus stationary phase K. brevis populations. In addition we will characterize their expression during the course of the circadian day, as it correlates with cell cycle phase. In situ labeling of K. brevis cells with fluorescently labeled antibodies to cyclins will assist in discerning whether cyclin expression might be suitable for use as a biomarker of actively dividing blooms in the field. Field studies will use flow cytometry to determine in situ growth rates of blooms of K. brevis during the yearly ECOHAB process cruises in order to establish a multiyear record of growth rates in early and late bloom stages.

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This project addresses the need for higher data rate recording capability, increased correlation speed and flexibility needed for next generation VLBI systems. The proposed solution utilizes an innovative software defined platform with standard interfaces to commodity hardware, using advances in multi-core, multi-processing, and graphics processors, technology, combined with streaming data and storage concepts developed in the defense community. The result is an open architecture, commodity hardware based software defined, flexible correlator and data recorder at low cost that provides future scalability and maintainability. The system will have separable well defined components that can be changed over time increasing system life while decreasing maintenance cost. Performance target is to do >8gbps continuous recording, enable 16gbps recording and show even higher speed in burst mode, then provide a feasibility study for a software correlator capable of 32 stations at 16gbps per station, all with commercially off the shelf components

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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

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The Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) Database depicts flood risk information and supporting data used to develop the risk data. The primary risk classifications used are the 1-percent-annual-chance flood event, the 0.2-percent-annual- chance flood event, and areas of minimal flood risk. The DFIRM Database is derived from Flood Insurance Studies (FISs), previously published Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs), flood hazard analyses performed in support of the FISs and FIRMs, and new mapping data, where available. The FISs and FIRMs are published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).The file is georeferenced to earth's surface using the State Plane projection and coordinate system. The specifications for the horizontal control of DFIRM data files are consistent with those required for mapping at a scale of 1:12,000.

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Current as of October 2015

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Catch shares are one method of catch allocation utilized by fisheries managers in the United States West Coast groundfish fishery. Catch share management results in social impacts to affected fishing communities. It is important to document and understand these social impacts in order to account for their effects during fishery management decision-making. Social cultural impact of catch share programs

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The Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) Database depicts flood risk Information And supporting data used to develop the risk data. The primary risk; classificatons used are the 1-percent-annual-chance flood event, the 0.2-percent- annual-chance flood event, and areas of minimal flood risk. The DFIRM Database is derived from Flood Insurance Studies (FISs), previously published Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs), flood hazard analyses performed in support of the FISs and FIRMs, and new mapping data, where available. The FISs and FIRMs are published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The file is georeferenced to earth's surface using the UTM projection and coordinate system. The specifications for the horizontal control of DFIRM data files are consistent with those required for mapping at a scale of 1:12,000.

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This proposal addresses the need for high-efficiency, high-output power amplifiers operating in the Ka-band frequencies. For space communications, the power amplifier in the transmitter consumes the most prime power and impacts the size of the payload package as well as the size of the power source. The proposed program is aimed at increasing the available output power up to 5 watts with a power-added efficiency of the final stage greater than 50%. The primary device technology selected for these amplifier designs is the Gallium-Nitride (GaN) PHEMT (Pseudomorphic High Electron Mobility Transistor) technology. This technology offers high power density, potential high frequency of operation, and excellent thermal characteristic. The primary objective of this Phase 1 SBIR is to establish the feasibility and preliminary simulation of two Ka-band high-efficiency, high-power amplifiers (HPAs) operating in the frequency range of 26 ? 32 GHz and 32 ? 38 GHz respectively. Optimum topology and class of operation of the amplifiers will be investigated. Hittite's efforts also include assessment of the technology and the status of development of GaN processes offered by a number of GaN foundries. The HPA MMICs will be fabricated and fully characterized as part of the Phase 2 effort of this program.