Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued más de 9 años ago
Summary
Description
This data set provide local LAI maps for the Larose (Ontario) site in Canada. These derived maps may also be useful for validating other LAI maps over this same site given that the area is protected from disturbance. The maps should be used for the given period of validity. The LAI data are suitable for use in modeling the carbon, water, energy, energy and trace gas exchange between the land surface and the atmosphere at regional scales. The dataset may also be useful for monitoring changes in the land surface. A complete description of producing the maps for the Larose site and the ground measurement campaign is provided in the companion document Larose2003FTReport.pdf.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued más de 9 años ago
Summary
Description
This data set provides estimates of daily and monthly carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) diffusive and ebullitive flux for dry and flooded areas from two study sites, Cuini and Itu, in the interfluvial wetlands of the upper Negro River basin, Brazil. CO2 (ebullitive and diffusive) and CH4 diffusive flux measurements were made one day each month from February 2005 through January 2006 in both permanently and seasonally flooded areas. For the remaining days of each month, fluxes were calculated as the mean of the two measurements bracketing that time period, times the area flooded each day. Total site area, dry area, and seasonally varying flooded area estimates for the two wetlands were determined through analysis of synthetic aperture radar data from Radarsat images. From these estimates, the total flux of CO2 and CH4 for the sites was calculated. Values for CH4 ebullitive flux were determined from a constant for each area based on whether the water was rising or falling and the area flooded. Hydrologic measurements were taken from April 2004 through January, 2006.There are three comma-separated (.csv) data files with this data set.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued más de 9 años ago
Summary
Description
This data set provides the mean diurnal cycle of precipitation, near-surface thermodynamics, and surface fluxes generated from short-term forecasts from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model.The model outputs were 12- to 36-hour short-range forecasts, run at a triangular truncation of T319 and a vertical resolution of 60 levels, from each daily 1200 (UTC) analysis. The version of the forecast model used to prepare this data product was the operational ECMWF model in fall 2000, which included the tiled land-surface scheme (TESSEL) (Van den Hurk et al., 2000) and recent revisions to the convection, radiation, and cloud schemes described by Gregory et al., (2000). The ECMWF model was run for two Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) campaigns conducted in Rondonia, Brazil, during January and February of 1999: the Wet Season Atmospheric Mesoscale Campaign (WETAMC) and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). See Silva Dias et al.,(2002) for additional information regarding the WETAMAC and TRMM campaigns. There are two comma-delimited data files with this data set: the ECMWF model output data and a file containing the mean hourly precipitation observations used to check the model output for biases.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued más de 9 años ago
Summary
Description
This data set provides derived emission factors (EFs), reported in grams of compound emitted per kilogram of dry fuel (g/kg), for PM10 (particulate matter up to 10 micrometers in size), O3, CO2, CO, NO, NO2, HONO, HCN, NH3, OCS, DMS, CH4, and up to 48 non-methane organic compounds (NMOC) from the Tropical Forest and Fire Emissions Experiment (TROFFEE). TROFFEE used laboratory measurements followed by airborne and ground based field campaigns in Mato Grosso, Para, and Amazonas, Brazil during the 2004 Amazon dry season to quantify the emissions from pristine tropical forest and several plantations as well as the emissions, fuel consumption, and fire ecology of tropical deforestation fires. EFs were determined for 19 tropical deforestation fires in August and September, 2004. The combined output of these fires created a massive megaplume more than 500-km wide and covered a large area in Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay for about one month. For the megaplume, the EFs (reported in grams of compound emitted per kilogram of dry fuel (g/kg)) represented the effective emissions factor measured downwind from the source.There are two comma-delimited data files (.csv) and one text file (.txt) with this data set. The text file contains information regarding the fuel/fire sources, latitude and longitudes (also provided in the data files).
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued más de 9 años ago
Summary
Description
This data set provides nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) flux measurements, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) pools, net N mineralization and nitrification rates, and measurements of soil moisture, in response to nitrogen and phosphorus soil fertilization treatments. The research was conducted in a mature moist tropical forest and an 11-year pasture at Nova Vida in Rondonia, in the Brazilian Amazon, in 1998 and 1999. There is one comma-delimited ASCII data file with this data set.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued más de 9 años ago
Summary
Description
Carbon and nitrogen concentrations of fresh forest foliage were determined. Results were used to calibrate Visible/NIR reflectance for estimation of canopy carbon and nitrogen.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued más de 9 años ago
Summary
Description
This data set reports phosphorus (P), carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) nutrient pool concentrations for forest soils and roots and P pool concentrations for forest floor litter, soil solutions, and microbial extracts. Soils samples were also extracted using the Hedley sequential fractionation method and the extracts analyzed for P. Nutrient pool concentrations are presented on an areal basis of 1 hectare to a depth of 10 cm, as calculated from soil bulk densities and respective pool biomass quantities. There is one comma-delimited ASCII file with this data set. These measurements were made during a soil P addition fertilization experiment conducted at the km 83 site, Tapajos National Forest, Para, Brazil. Control and fertilized plots were established in both sandy loam and clay soils. Soil cores were collected every 4 months from August 1999 through April 2000 (McGroddy et al. 2008).
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued más de 9 años ago
Summary
Description
This data set reports the results of an experiment that tested the short-term effects of root mortality on the soil-atmosphere fluxes of nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide in a tropical evergreen forest. Weekly trace gas fluxes are provided for treatment and control plots on sand and clay tropical forest soils in two comma separated ASCII files.The study site in the Tapajos National Forest (TNF) is near km 83 on the Santarem-Cuiaba Highway south of Santarem, Para, Brazil. Root mortality was induced by isolating blocks of land to 1 m depth using trenching and root exclusion screening. Gas fluxes were measured weekly for ten weeks following the trenching treatment and monthly for the remainder of the year. Monthly data are not included at this time.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued más de 9 años ago
Summary
Description
This data set provides local LAI maps for the selected measured sites in Canada. These derived maps may also be useful for validating other LAI maps over these same sites given that the areas are protected from disturbance. The maps should be used for the given period of validity. The LAI data are suitable for use in modeling the carbon, water, energy, energy and trace gas exchange between the land surface and the atmosphere at regional scales. The data set may also be useful for monitoring changes in the land surface.The Leaf Area Index (LAI) maps are at 30-m resolution for the selected sites. LAI is defined here as half the total (all-sided) live foliage area per unit horizontal projected ground surface area. Overstory LAI corresponds to all tree foliage except for treeless areas where it corresponds to total foliage. The algorithms were developed from ground measurements and Landsat TM and ETM+ images (Fernandes et. al., 2003). A mask was developed using the Landsat ETM+/TM5 image and available land cover map to identify only those areas with land cover belonging to the sample land cover classes and with Landsat ETM+/TM5 spectral reflectance values that fell within the convex hull of the spectral reflectance values over the plots. LAI was mapped within the masked region using the Landsat ETM+/TM5 image and the developed transfer function. The final LAI map was scaled by a factor of 20 (offset 0). The LAI maps are in Tagged Image File Format (TIFF).
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued más de 9 años ago
Summary
Description
This data set provides maps produced from model output data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (NASA-CASA) model and other modeling approaches. The maps include estimated annual Net Primary Production (ANPP), leaf (live) biomass carbon, wood (live) biomass carbon, fine root (live) biomass carbon, metabolic leaf litter (dead) carbon, structural leaf litter (dead) carbon, woody detritus (dead) carbon, and slow soil carbon, gridded at half-degree spatial resolution for the years 1982-1998, and 2001 (NPP data) for Brazil. Maps are provided at one-degree resolution for monthly soil emissions and soil uptake of N2O, NO, CO, and CH4. In addition, there are maps in 8-km resolution for soil texture, soil carbon, soil pH, soil maximum plant available water (paw), and net primary productivity (NPP).There are three files with this data set in tar.gz format. The files are in half-degree, one-degree, and 8-km resolution. When expanded, the half degree and one degree files contain 83 map files in GeoTIFF (.tif) format. The third file (8-km resolution) contains the soil and productivity maps. When expanded, this file contains 22 files in GeoTIFF (.tif) format.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued más de 9 años ago
Summary
Description
Measurements of the soil-atmosphere flux of CO2 were made at the km 67 flux tower site in the Tapajos National Forest, Santarem, Para, Brazil. Eight chambers were set up to measure trace gas exchange between the soil and atmosphere about 5 times a day (during daylight and night) at this undisturbed forest site from April 2001 to April 2003. CO2 soil efflux data are reported in one ASCII comma separated file.The automated chamber system consisted of 8 automatically opening and closing aluminum chambers with an infrared gas analyzer. The chambers were installed in a 0.5 ha area close to the flux tower on patches of ground without apparent photosynthetic vegetation. Each chamber was sequentially closed, sampled, and re-opened 5 times per day (closed 7% of the day). The maximum daily average flux was 4.3 and the minimum was 1.3 umol CO2 m-2 s-1.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued más de 9 años ago
Summary
Description
This data set includes the results of measurements of the soil gas fluxes of nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2), soil moisture, soil temperature, and soil pools of ammonium and nitrate in response to a simulated rain event. Study sites were soils in mature forests and pastures of two ages (11 and 26 yrs old). The study took place during the dry season in August 1998 at Fazenda Nova Vida, Rondonia in the Brazilian Amazon. There is one comma-delimited ASCII file with this data set. This study investigated how changes in soil moisture (i.e., rains at the end of the dry season) affected the fluxes of NO, N20 and CO2 from forest and pasture soils in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon (Garcia-Montiel, et al., 2003). The main objectives were to measure the short-term dynamics of soil emissions of NO, N20, and CO2 in forest and pasture soils associated with soil wetting after prolonged dryness; and quantify the contribution of the pulses of N oxide fluxes resulting from soil wetting to dry season and annual fluxes.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued más de 9 años ago
Summary
Description
This data set contains proportional estimates for the vegetative cover types of woody vegetation, herbaceous vegetation, and bare ground over the Amazon Basin for the period 2000-2001. These products were derived from all seven bands of the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor onboard NASA's Terra satellite. A set of MODIS 32-day composites were used to create the vegetation cover types using the Vegetation Continuous Fields (VCF) (Hansen et al., 2002) approach which shows how much of a land cover such as "forest" or "grassland" exists anywhere on the land surface. The VCF product may depict areas of heterogeneous land cover better than traditional discrete classification schemes which shows where land cover types are concentrated.The original MODIS products are 500-m spatial resolution and are derived from 2000-2001 data products. The data were resampled to 1-km resolution for the regional study under this project, and provided as 3 separate cover type files in ENVI and GeoTIFF file formats that are provided in six zipped files. These products are registered to the rest of the regional data sets over the Amazon basin. These data are also available for download from the Global Land Cover Facility Website (http://modis.umiacs.umd.edu/).
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued más de 9 años ago
Summary
Description
Orientation of leaves of 10 different species
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued más de 9 años ago
Summary
Description
Trace gas fluxes of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and nitric oxide were measured manually at undisturbed and logged forest sites in the Tapajos National Forest, near Santarem, Para, Brazil. Manual measurements were made approximately weekly at both the undisturbed and logged sites. Fluxes from clay and sand soils were completed at the undisturbed sites. Fluxes were measured at the deck (patio), skid trail, clearing and forest at the logged sites. Soil moisture is reported as daily average water-filled pore space (WFPS) for the undisturbed forest clay and sand soils. Data are reported in three ASCII comma separated files.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued más de 9 años ago
Summary
Description
This data set provides a subset of the SRTM30 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) elevation and standard deviation data for the Amazon Basin. SRTM30 is a near-global digital elevation model (DEM) comprising a combination of data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), flown in February, 2000, and the earlier U.S. Geological Survey's GTOPO30 data set. The SRTM30 resolution is 30 arc-sec or about 1 km. In processing the SRTM data, to combine with GTOPO30, the data were resampled from 3 arc-sec to 30 arc-sec. Provided here are the mean elevation and the standard deviation (STD) of the data points used in the averaging. The STD is thus an indication of topographic roughness useful in some applications. There are two GeoTIFF (.tif) files with this data set.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued más de 9 años ago
Summary
Description
The goal of this study was to determine the effects of soil phosphorus (P) status on litter decomposition rates using two factors: soil texture (with associated differences in soil P pools) and fertilization, in a fully factorial design. Mass and nutrient pools in litter from a single species, Marupa (Simaruba amara (Aubl.)), were measured quarterly between March 2000 and February 2001 in an undisturbed mature forest within the Tapajos National Forest at the kilometer 83 site. Reported here are litter mass and nutrients (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) as both raw values (grams for mass, percent for carbon and nitrogen and mg per kg for phosphorus), and as proportion of the initial mass and nutrient pool. Data are provided in a comma separated ASCII format.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued más de 9 años ago
Summary
Description
This data set provides physical roughness maps of vegetation canopies in the Amazon Basin. The images are estimates of aerodynamic roughness length (Z0) and zero plane displacement height (D0) at 1-km spatial resolution. The aerodynamic roughness length (Z0) is an important parameter to determine the vertical gradients of mean wind speed and the conditions for momentum transfer over a vegetated or bare rough surface.The maps were produced from a multivariate regression model algorithm developed from field-measured vegetation structure and remote-sensing data. The data input sources included Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) (Saatchi, 2013), JERS-1, MODIS, and field data from vegetation biomass plots over the Amazon basin, as well as tower-based wind profile measurements, and roughness parameters from LBA tower sites. There are two GeoTIFF (.tif) files with this data set.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued más de 9 años ago
Summary
Description
A field inventory of trees was conducted in March of 1997 in a logging concession at the Tapajos National Forest, south of Santarem, Para, Brazil. The inventory was conducted by the foresters and technicians of the Tropical Forest Foundation (FFT) and included all trees with diameter at breast height greater than or equal to 35 cm. Four blocks of approximately 100 ha each within the 3,200 ha concession were inventoried. Within each block, parallel trails 50 m apart were established, and the location of each tree measured was recorded to the nearest meter using an orthogonal coordinate system based on these trails. Field data for each tree includes: identification number, ground position, diameter, common name, scientific name and qualitative estimates of bole and canopy quality. Data are provided in one ASCII comma separated file. These data were used to calculate above-ground live biomass as described in Keller et al. (2001), but biomass data are not included in this data set.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued más de 9 años ago
Summary
Description
This data set reports measurements of trace gas fluxes of methane (CH4), nitric oxide (N2O), nitrous oxide (NO), carbon dioxide (CO2) from soils at a study site in the Tapajos National Forest (TNF), near the km 83 on the Santarem-Cuiaba Highway south of Santarem, Para, Brazil. Data for root mass and carbon content, soil nitrogen (N), nitrification, and moisture content are also provided. There are five comma-delimited data files with this data set.The research was conducted to test the effects of root mortality on the soil-atmosphere trace-gas fluxes over the course of one year. Root mortality was induced by isolating blocks of land to 1 m depth using trenching and root exclusion screening. Gas fluxes were measured weekly for ten weeks following the trenching treatment and monthly for the remainder of the year.Note: The related data set LBA-ECO TG-07 Soil Trace Gas Flux and Root Mortality, Tapajos National Forest contains the same flux data that were measured weekly for ten weeks following the trenching treatment. This data set also provides the monthly data for the remainder of the year.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued más de 9 años ago
Summary
Description
This data set contains GIS coverages constructed from measurements taken of logged areas in the Tapajos National Forest region of Para, Brazil in 1996 and 1998 (Asner et al., 2004). Coverages include log decks (patios), roads, skids trails, tree-fall locations, and block boundary. They are in ArcInfo SHAPE format (*.shp). The Tapajos data are in latitude/longitude using the WGS84 datum.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued más de 9 años ago
Summary
Description
This data set contains measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) collected from December 2000-November 2005 as vertical profiles above three sites in Brazil: Fortaleza, Santarem, and Manaus. At Santarem, ascending profiles were made above the Tapajos National Forest, near the km 67 Tower Site. At Manaus, ascending profiles were made above the K34 flux tower (aka, ZF2 km 34 tower) to the northwest of the city of Manaus. Descending profiles were flown nearby, but at locations upwind of population centers to avoid possible pollution. Fortaleza samples were collected off the coast, over the Atlantic Ocean to sample background air before it flows over the Amazon Basin.Air samples were collected as discrete samples aboard light aircraft and shipped to laboratories for analysis relative to internationally accepted calibration standards.There are three comma-delimited (.csv) data files with this data set.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued más de 9 años ago
Summary
Description
This data set includes Landsat TM scenes from across the Legal Amazon region. A single image is provided for each spatial tile, representing the most cloud-free retrieval from 9/21/86 to 9/17/94. All files are in a single directory, including one band-sequential (bsq) file and one database (ddr) file for each scene.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued más de 9 años ago
Summary
Description
This data set reports concentrations of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) collected from tethered balloon-sampling platforms above selected forest and pasture sites in the Brazilian Amazon in March 1998, February 1999, and February 2000. The air samples were collected from forested sites in Brazil: the Tapajos forest (Para) in the Tapajos/Xingu moist forest; Balbina (Amazonas) in the Uatuma moist forest; and Jaru (Rondonia) in the Purus/Madeira moist forest. Two other sites were also located in Rondonia: at a forest reserve (Rebio Jaru) and a pasture (Fazenda Nossa Senhora Aparecida). The BVOCs measured included isoprene, alpha and beta pinene, camphene, sabinene, myrcene, limonene, and other monoterpenes. Approximately 24 to 40 soundings, including as many as four VOC samples collected simultaneously at various altitudes, were made at each site. There is one comma-delimited data file with this data set.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued más de 9 años ago
Summary
Description
This data set provides the results of a GLAS (the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System) forest structure validation survey conducted in Santarem and Sao Jorge, Para during November 2004 (Lefsky et al., 2005). DBH, total height, commercial height, canopy width and canopy class description were measured for 11 primary forest sites in Santarem along two 75m transects per GLAS measurement. For 10 secondary forest sites in Sao Jorge, the number of stems 0-2cm, 2-5cm, 5-10cm, and greater than 10cm were measured. For all stems greater than 10cm the DBH was measured, and for all sites, the maximum height was recorded. The basal area was calculated for all trees with DBH greater than 10cm within our transects, and biomass was calculated using the Brown, 1997 formula.Exchange of carbon between forests and the atmosphere is a vital component of the global carbon cycle. Satellite laser altimetry has a unique capability for estimating forest canopy height, which has a direct and increasingly well understood relationship to aboveground carbon storage.