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Seventeen merlin nests were located in the vicinity of the road corridor in Denali National Park and Preserve. Eleven nest sites were in live spruce trees, one was in a spruce snag, one was in a willow, and four were on the ground. Mean clutch size was 4.8 n 9. Fiftytwo nestlings were banded, representing 3.25 young banded per active nest for nests where the outcome was known n 16. A total of 25 adult merlins were captured, representing 19 unbanded and six previously banded individuals. Since the adult trapping efforts began in earnest in 1987, four nestling males have been recaptured as breeders, while no females banded as nestlings have been encountered. Environmental contaminant analysis of three addled eggs collected in 1988 has been completed and the organochlorine scan indicated an arithmetic mean of 7.5 ppm wet weight DDE. Trace amounts of otherorganochlorines were found, notably mirex, which is used in the southern U.S., central and South America.

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Commercial fishery management activities for Cook Inlet and Resurrection Bay for 1958, including lists of operators and extensive statistics.

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This report summarizes the results of spawning ground surveys for red salmon producing waters conducted in 1953 in the Cook Inlet.

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Commercial fishery management activities for Cook Inlet and Resurrection Bay for 1957, including lists of operators and extensive statistics.

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This report summarizes the results of a survey conducted in 1957 to understand the causes of death in fur seal pups. A discussion of the results is included.

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Commercial fishery management activities for Cook Inlet and Resurrection Bay for 1956, including lists of operators and extensive statistics.

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This document summarizes the general guidelines for gravel removal from streams and flood plains related to the construction of the transAlaska pipeline and related structures. Primary guidelines and variances are discussed.

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This report sets out 36 habitat action recommendations, in priority order, and 9 related recommendations, unranked, to meet the Services objectives for 9 important waterfowl species of special emphasis. Four priorities were also discussed, including: develop and implement a 10year program for the protection and enhancement of waterfowl habitat; identify sources of mortality and determine their significance as barriers to achieving National SSE objectives; regulate harvest of waterfowl to achieve the objectives for breeding population numbers, fall flight numbers, and harvest numbers as specified in SSE plans; and manage appropriate FWS Refuges and WPAs in waterfowl breeding ranges to increase annual recruitment rates for SSE.

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This report summarizes the results of a seven year study to estimate the Tundra Swan population on Selawik National Wildlife Refuge. Seven years of trend surveys, including three Refugewide censuses or surveys are discussed and recommendations for future monitoring efforts are included. The methods used and a discussion of the results are included. Data forms are attached.

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Seabird monitoring in the Aleutian Islands durin9 summer 1989 focused on a guild of ledgenesting species including northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis, cormorants Phalacrocorax spp., kittiwakes Rissa spp., and murres Uria spp.. The main study sites were Agattu and Buldir islands in the western Aleutians, but additional data were obtained in the central Amata I. and eastern Aiktak I. Aleutians. Results of Monitoring in 1989 suggest that fulmars continue to expand their nesting area at Buldir. In contrast redfaced cormorants Phalacrocorax urile may have declined at Buldir since the mid1970s. Redfaced cormorants apparently had relatively poor reproductive legged Rissa tridactyla success and at Agattu in 1989. Blackredlegged kittiwakes brevirostris have increased at Buldir since the mid1970s, but both species had poor reproductive success there in 1989. Interestingly, blacklegged kittiwakes had better success at Agattu than at Buldir. Counts of blacklegged kittiwakes at Agattu and Amata in 1989 were similar to earlier years. Common murres Uria aalge appear to be increasing slightly at Agattu since the late 1970s, and thickbilled murres Uria lomvia have increased during the same period at Buldir. Murre counts at Amata were slightly higher in 1989 than in 1982, but at Aiktak less than 200 murres were present on cliffs in 1989 that had contained 13,000 in 1980! Presumably this represents a seasonal absence not a population crash.

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This report summarizes the results of a study on the techniques used to monitor the movements of Kodiak brown bears instrumented with radio transmitters. Methods used and a discussion of the results is included.

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A waterfowl brood survey was conducted to continue monitoring trends in waterfowl production on the Nowitna National Wildlife Refuge. At least 13 duck species breed on the Refuge and breeding data on these species are necessary to effectively manage the Refuge. A description of the study area, methods used, and a discussion of the results is covered. Management recommendations are also included. Data forms are attached.

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This article lists 124 bird species observed on Adak Island, Alaska between December, 1968 and October, 1971.

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This paper describes the Beaufort Sea and how its characteristics would influence the course of fate of oil spills in generally predictable ways: currents would move oil along the coast, usually in a westerly direction; low water temperatures would retard bacterial degradation and cause certain fractions to congeal; an ice edge would tend to trap and contain spills and aid cleanup procedures; oil trapped in or under ice floes could remain in the Pacific Gyral for years; and bottom scour by ice floes and ice islands would threaten the integrity of pipelines buried in the sea floor.

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Arctic foxes, introduced to Alaid and Nizki islands in 1911, 1920 and 1935, were removed from the two islands in 1975 and 1976 by means of shooting and trapping Frank and Trapp 1975. Aleutian Canada geese raised at Jamestown, North Dakota and Laurel, Maryland were liberated at Camp Cove near the east end of Nizki Island Fig. 1 on 16 August 1981.Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge personnel visited Nizki and A1aid islands in 1982 Klett 1982 and in 1983 Zeillemaker 1983 to document the presence of any transplanted and released geese. The 1984 survey was conducted to further record returning geese and determine if breeding was occurring on one or both islands. No Aleutian Canada geese from the 1981 Nizki Island release were detected at Alaid or Nizki in the spring of 1984. The five birds observed closely enough to allow detection of leg bands were either released on Agattu Island in 1982 2 or were wild unmarked birds 3. Our observations indicated Aleutian Canada geese have accepted much of Alaid and Nizki islands as spring and summer foraging habitat. During this survey the birds were observed at a variety of sites and elevations. Birds were not observed in the highlands of northwestern Alaid or on the eastern half of Nizki. Aleutian Canada geese will likely be found nesting on one or both islands in the near future. Documenting future nesting at Alaid or Nizki may require considerable effort due to the apparent scattered distribution of summering Aleutian Canada geese: there. It is important to avoid speculation on potential nesting sites based on preferred nesting habitat at Buldir Island. Buldir may have been the last stronghold of the Aleutian Canada goose, but may not be representative of nesting habitat or breeding conditions typically used by the species elsewhere in its former range.

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This paper evaluates the economics of the Columbia River anadromous fish programs. The paper begins with a description of the Columbia River watershed and discusses sport and commercial fisheries. Costs for maintaining anadromous fish populations is also provided.

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This catalog was compiled by the research staffs of the FWS and Fisheries Research Institute to serve as a ready source of information on all available records of Cook Inlet salmon escapements with primary emphasis on red salmon spawning areas.

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This report summarizes the results of a study to determine the fundamental structure of a continental margin near the Shumagin and Sanak Islands. The primary objectives of the study were to: study sedimentary structures, softsediment deformation, and lithographic variation in hopes of revealing the nature and geometry of the depositional basin; and detail the postconsolidational tectonic deformation and plutonism. A description of the study area is included. A discussion of the preliminary results is also provided. A study area map is attached.

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Survey of birds from a five meter skiff, paralleling the shoreline 100 meters from shore along lands claimed by Natives and also along Forest Service and privately owned land. Blacklegged Kittiwakes, Bonaoartes Gulls, Glaucouswinged Gulls, Arctic Terns and Marbled Murrelets comprise the majority of the 17,384 birds sighted. Sea otters and harbor seals comprised the majority of the marine mammals. The areas with the densest numbers of birds were Galena Bay, Hinchinbrook Island, and the Port Fidalgo area including the outer coastline. Sheep Bay was the most important bay for marine mammals.

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This paper provides an overview of forest development in southeast Alaska and examines the trends in FWS opportunities for affecting forest development decisions.

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This report summarizes the findings of a moose study to establish scientific management practices for the moose population found in Anchorage. A description of the study area, equipment used, and a discussion of the results is included.

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The commercial fishery resource of the Kenai Peninsula has an average annual value of 3,611,000. In addition, a sport fishery of considerable importance exists in the area. Since the sport catch ordinarily is not sold in the commercial market, no evaluation comparable to that given for the commercial fishery is available for the sport fishery. Although the sport fishery does not approach the value of the commercial fish as an economic necessity, the importance of this fishery is indicated by the fact that an estimated 20,450 fishermen spent about 83,000 days engaged in this pursuit during 1955, and spent about 1,389,000 for equipment, lodging, transportation and other items in connection with their fishing trips. When it is remembered that this wealth is a result of a renewable resource, its continuing value must be clearly and objectively evaluated in connection with any other resource development program.

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This report summarizes the results of spawning ground surveys for red salmon producing waters conducted in 1955 in the Cook Inlet.

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Results of a biological survey of Nunivak Island, June 530, 1985. 594 birds, comprising 25 species, were recorded on six bird transects. Waterfowl and shorebirds were predominant. Eight habitat types were identified: Dry Crowberry Tundra, Alpine Crowberry Tundra, Barren Boulder Fields, Dune Complexes, Tidal PoolsBackshores, GrassSedge Hummocks, Sedge Meadow Tundra, and Riparian Tundra. These habitats are all characterized by low growth form plants. However, the Riparian Tundra does contain 2m willows, the tallest trees on the island. Snap trapping yielded only one small mammal, a brown lemming, during 750 trap nights. Small mammal populations appear very low in 1985. Musk ox and 3550 reindeer were observed, some animals daily.

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This wildlife inventory plan for Becharof National Wildlife Refuge outlines the different projects and surveys that will help conserve fish and wildlife populations and habitats in their natural diversity. These projects include: brown bear populations and composition; caribou wintering population; moose composition and population survey; marine mammals survey; tundra swan nesting and production census; waterfowl migration survey; raptor inventory procedure; and seabird surveys. Study area maps and data forms are attached.