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Headwater streams comprise 6075 percent of the total stream length and watershed area in the MidAtlantic region. Due to their diverse and complex life histories and abundance in the MidAtlantic Highlands, Stream Plethodontid salamanders are a potential biological endpoint to assess headwater impairment and degradation from contaminant exposure, especially where traditional species assemblages macroinvertebrates, fishes are poorly developed or absent. In this study, we conducted salamander assemblage surveys of headwater sites and determined contaminant exposure in the highlands of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia to assess potential effects of inorganic contaminant exposure on the salamander community, and potential risk of selenium and mercury to upper trophic level predators. We conducted salamander surveys on 32 study areas and analyzed 182 salamander samples from 50 study areas. Mean concentrations exceeded the respective toxicity reference values selected for salamanders at multiple study areas for selenium, mercury, aluminum, and copper. Selenium concentrations in salamanders from study areas downstream of mining valley fills were significantly higher than study areas exposed to high air emissions or no reported emissions according to the USEPA Toxic Release Inventory. The proportions of reference, intermediate, and impaired salamander assemblages are significantly different p 0.038 between study areas where selenium exceeds the toxicity reference value and those that do not. The proportions of reference, intermediate, and impaired salamander assemblages are significantly different p 0.005 between study areas downstream of mining valley fills versus those exposed only to selenium air emissions deposition. Selenium exceeded toxicity reference values at 11 study areas for Louisiana waterthrush, while one study area was below the toxicity reference value for northern water shrew. Mercury toxicity reference values were exceeded at two study areas for waterthrush and at no study area for water shrew. Our data indicate that selenium exposure may be a factor affecting headwater biota downstream of mining valley fills. Our ecological risk assessment demonstrates that highexposure risk scenarios with relevant receptors, particularly Statestatus species, should be considered in establishing aquatic selenium and mercury criteria that are protective of birds and mammals. Our data substantiate the need to couple salamander sampling with fish sampling to monitor ecological health in headwater streams and to protect their complex aquatic and aquaticdependent animal communities.

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This narrative report for Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge outlines Refuge accomplishments from May through July of 1939. The report begins by summarizing the weather conditions, water conditions, and wildfires during this period. Wildlife is also covered. The Refuge development and maintenance section discusses physical developments. The public relations section of the report describes fishing and violations. Photographs are attached.

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With the retiring of the shuttle fleet, up-mass and down-mass to ISS are at a premium. The space station itself has a limited lifecycle as well, thus long-term and/or high-risk development programs pose issues for science 'return on investment', if the technology cannot be adequately matured before the station is decommissioned. Thus innovative systems and technologies that minimize impact on limiting resources such as up-mass, down-mass and crew time, and can do so in the near- to mid-term, are highly desirable. One such area includes the various rechargeable battery systems on ISS used extensively for cameras, camcorders, laptops, communication systems and other portable science and diagnostic equipment. A common (universal) battery charging system for ISS, with the flexibility to accommodate current and future rechargeable battery requirements for payloads and equipment, could reduce the cost of use of the ISS for payload developers. Such a system would not only simplify the safety and integration process for battery-operated ISS applications, but also reduce up-mass by making use of existing ISS resources. In its SBIR Phase I program, Aurora Flight Sciences laid the groundwork for such a system, based on the needs of current and planned ISS battery system requirements. The results of the study indicate that a universal rechargeable battery system is feasible and could significantly reduce up-mass and crew-time to support current and future ISS programs. Expanding on the feasibility study performed in Phase I, Aurora will deliver a protoflight charger system and supporting documentation at the conclusion of Phase II. The proposed system will be fully developed in compliance with NASA safety and integration criteria within the 2-year SBIR Phase II timeframe, facilitating procurement of flight and ground support hardware by NASA in a potential Phase III program.

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NLRB C-Case (Unfair Labor Practice) Frequently Requested Fields data from CATS (Case Activity Tracking System) for FY 2004

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Provides information on individuals with limited english proficiency.

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The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) National Coastal Database contains estuarine and coastal data that EMAP and Regional-EMAP have collected since 1990 from thousands of stations along the U.S. coasts. These data include water column data, sediment contaminants and toxicity data, and benthic macroinvertebrate and demersal fish community and contaminant data.

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<p> The Earth’s ionosphere is home to a number of phenomena that are regularly observed but still unpredictable; obvious examples include equatorial spread F, tidal ion layers, and sporadic E. The fundamental connection between these disparate events is that all three are strongly influenced by coupling between ionized and neutral particles. Most of what we know about these phenomena comes from plasma diagnostics – we can accurately measure electric fields, plasma density, and plasma temperatures in the ionosphere using <em>in-situ </em>probes, ground-based radars, and optical remote sensing techniques. Our ability to measure the neutral temperatures, densities, and motions at ionospheric altitudes is significantly less mature. We therefore propose to develop a low-power transducer system that will enable accurate measurements of neutral pressure and winds when assimilated into existing instrumentation systems. The low power aspect of this transducer concept is particularly important, since it is compatible with very small satellite platforms such as CubeSats. When deployed on constellations of small satellites in different orbit planes, instruments built around the small sensors we develop will be capable of providing simultaneous global measurements of neutral pressures and winds. These measurements will produce marked improvements in our predictive models, and bring us one step closer to forecasting the diverse phenomena that arise due to ion-neutral interactions in the upper atmosphere.</p>

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The eOPF is a digital recreation of paper personnel folder that stores electronic personnel data spanning an individual's Federal career. eOPF allows employees to access their personnel record information online. Several personnel actions, such as calculations of annual pay increases, notifications of changes in benefits, and documentation of employee transfers, are recorded and tracked in the system.

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Transoner Power Transfer for TWT Power Systems Project

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The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) is a joint U.S.-Japan satellite mission to monitor tropical and subtropical precipitation and to estimate its associated latent heating. TRMM was successfully launched on November 27, at 4:27 PM (EST) from the Tanegashima Space Center in Japan. The TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) is a nine-channel passive microwave radiometer, which builds on the heritage of the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) instrument flown aboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) platforms. Microwave radiation is emitted by the Earth's surface and by water droplets within clouds. However, when layers of large ice particles are present in upper cloud regions - a condition highly correlated with heavy rainfall - microwave radiation tends to scatter at frequencies above 19 GHz. The TMI detects radiation at five frequencies chosen to discriminate among these processes, thus revealing the likelihood of rainfall. The key to accurate retrieval of rainfall rates by this method is the deduction of cloud precipitation consistent with the radiation measurement at each frequency. The TMI frequencies are 10.65, 19.35, 37 and 85.5 GHz (dual polarization), and 21 GHz (vertical polarization only). The Level 1A product file (1A11) is a concatenation of the Level 0 data with a header record and, as such, is reversible to Level 0. The header record contains information pertaining to orbit times, orbit number, times of the first scan and number of scans, among other things. The Level 0 data contain the actual channel data expressed as "sensor counts." A file contains data for a single orbit with a file size of about 7 MB (uncompressed). There are 16 files of TMI 1A11 data produced per day. Spatial coverage is between 38 degrees North and 38 degrees South owing to the 35 degree inclination of the TRMM satellite. This orbit provides extensive coverage in the tropics and allows each location to be covered at a different local time each day, enabling the analysis of the diurnal cycle of precipitation. File Specifications for TRMM Products: ftp://pps.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/v7filespec/filespec.TRMM.V7.pdf Metadata for TRMM Products: ftp://pps.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/v7filespec/filespecMeta.TRMM.V7.pdf TRMM V6 vs. V7 Major Data Format Changes: http://pps.gsfc.nasa.gov/Documents/formatChangesV7.pdf

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This annual narrative report for Sand Lake NWR covers the 1941 fiscal year. Wildlife, water conditions, refuge improvements, recreational use, the NYA camp, easements, and bird banding are discussed.

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The proposed innovation will utilize a small network of remote sensors to perform Radio Interferometry (RI) and Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) techniques to survey, identify and locate Radio Frequency (RF) energy signatures within a given geographic area such as a launch range or other strategic area. The survey mission will use radio interferometry techniques to create RF "images" of the surveyed area. These images will show the locations of all RF activity within an area. While an area is secure, a set of images will be captured and averaged to establish the nominal RF baseline for that area. Once the baseline is established, real-time RF surveys will be instantly compared to the nominal baseline to detect the existence of RF spectral anomalies. The TDOA and RI techniques used to establish the RF images will determine the precise location of any spectral anomaly source so that it can be quickly and cost effectively identified and mitigated.

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Supersonic propulsion systems include internal ducts, and therefore, the flow often includes shock waves, shear layers, vortices, and separated flows. Passive flow control devices such as micro-vortex generators and micro-ramps have been proposed to improve vehicle performance.

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This annual narrative report for Sand Lake NWR and the easement refuges outlines Refuge accomplishments during the 1968 calendar year. The report begins by summarizing the weather conditions, habitat conditions, water conditions, and food and cover conditions during the year. Wildlife including migratory birds, upland game birds, big game animals, furbearers, predators, rodents, mammals, raptors, and fish is also covered. The Refuge development and maintenance section discusses physical developments, plantings, collections and receipts, and vegetation control. Resource management is outlined; topics include grazing, haying, and fur harvesting. A progress report on field investigations and applied research is also provided. The public relations section of the report describes recreational uses, Refuge visitors, Refuge participation, hunting, violations, and safety. Items of interest, NR forms, and photographs are attached.

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Description

This narrative report for Sand Lake NWR and the easement refuges outlines Refuge accomplishments from May through August of 1959. The report begins by summarizing the weather conditions, habitat conditions, water conditions, and food and cover during this period. Wildlife including migratory birds, upland game birds, big game animals, furbearers, predators, rodents, mammals, raptors, and fish is also covered. The Refuge development and maintenance section discusses physical developments, plantings, vegetation control, and prescribed burning. Resource management is outlined; topics include grazing and haying. A progress report on field investigations and applied research is also provided. The public relations section of the report describes recreational uses, Refuge visitors, and Refuge participation. Items of interest, NR forms, and photographs are attached.

Summary

Description

This narrative report for Sand Lake NWR and the easement refuges outlines Refuge accomplishments from January through April of 1959. The report begins by summarizing the weather conditions, habitat conditions, water conditions, and food and cover during this period. Wildlife including migratory birds, upland game birds, big game animals, furbearers, predators, rodents, mammals, raptors, and fish is also covered. The Refuge development and maintenance section discusses physical developments, plantings, and vegetation control. Resource management is outlined; topics include fur harvesting. A progress report on field investigations and applied research is also provided. The public relations section of the report describes recreational uses, Refuge visitors, and Refuge participation. Items of interest, NR forms, and photographs are attached.

Summary

Description

This narrative report for Sand Lake NWR and the easement refuges outlines Refuge accomplishments from May through August of 1957. The report begins by summarizing the weather conditions, water conditions, and food and cover during this period. Wildlife including migratory birds, upland game birds, big game animals, furbearers, predators, rodents, mammals, raptors, and fish is also covered. The Refuge development and maintenance section discusses physical developments, plantings, and vegetation control. Resource management is outlined; topics include grazing and haying. A progress report on field investigations and applied research is also provided. The public relations section of the report describes recreational uses, Refuge visitors, and Refuge participation. Items of interest, NR forms, photographs, and newspaper articles are attached.

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This narrative report for Sand Lake NWR outlines Refuge accomplishments during the 1977 calendar year. The report begins with an introduction to the Refuge and information about weather conditions, habitat conditions, and the system status. Construction, maintenance, and wildfires are also described. Habitat management is covered; croplands, grasslands, and wetlands are discussed. The wildlife section of the report discusses endangered and threatened species, migratory birds, mammals, and nonmigratory birds. Interpretation and recreation activities are outlined; topics include information and interpretation, recreation, and law enforcement. Field investigations, items of interest, safety information, and public use reports are attached.

Summary

Description

This annual narrative report for Sand Lake NWR and the easement refuges outlines Refuge accomplishments during the 1969 calendar year. The report begins by summarizing the weather conditions, habitat conditions, water conditions, and food and cover conditions during the year. Wildlife including migratory birds, upland game birds, big game animals, furbearers, predators, rodents, mammals, raptors, and fish is also covered. The Refuge development and maintenance section discusses physical developments, plantings, collections and receipts, and vegetation control. Resource management is outlined; topics include grazing and fur harvesting. A progress report on field investigations and applied research is also provided. The public relations section of the report describes recreational uses, Refuge visitors, Refuge participation, hunting, violations, and safety. Items of interest, NR forms, and photographs are attached.

Summary

Description

This annual narrative report for Sand Lake NWR and the easement refuges outlines Refuge accomplishments during the 1967 calendar year. The report begins by summarizing the weather conditions, habitat conditions, water conditions, and food and cover conditions during the year. Wildlife including migratory birds, upland game birds, big game animals, furbearers, predators, rodents, mammals, raptors, and diseases is also covered. The Refuge development and maintenance section discusses physical developments, plantings, collections and receipts, and vegetation control. Resource management is outlined; topics include grazing, haying, and fur harvesting. A progress report on field investigations and applied research is also provided. The public relations section of the report describes recreational uses, Refuge visitors, Refuge participation, hunting, violations, and safety. Items of interest, NR forms, and photographs are attached.

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Description

This narrative report for Sand Lake NWR and the easement refuges outlines Refuge accomplishments from September through December of 1953. The report begins by summarizing the weather conditions, water conditions, and food and cover during this period. Wildlife including migratory birds, upland game birds, big game animals, furbearers, predators, rodents, mammals, raptors, and fish is also covered. The Refuge development and maintenance section discusses physical developments, plantings, and vegetation control. Resource management is outlined; topics include grazing and haying. A progress report on field investigations and applied research is also provided. The public relations section of the report describes recreational uses, Refuge visitors, Refuge participation, fishing, and violations. Items of interest, NR forms, and photographs are attached.

Summary

Description

This narrative report for Sand Lake NWR and the easement refuges outlines Refuge accomplishments from January through April of 1954. The report begins by summarizing the weather conditions, water conditions, and food and cover during this period. Wildlife including migratory birds, upland game birds, big game animals, furbearers, predators, rodents, mammals, raptors, and fish is also covered. The Refuge development and maintenance section discusses physical developments and plantings. Resource management is outlined; topics include fur harvesting. A progress report on field investigations and applied research is also provided. The public relations section of the report describes recreational uses, Refuge visitors, and Refuge participation. Items of interest, NR forms, and photographs are attached.

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Aerial photograph of Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge taken on June 24, 1968.

Summary

Description

This narrative report for Sand Lake NWR and the easement refuges outlines Refuge accomplishments from January through April of 1953. The report begins by summarizing the weather conditions, water conditions, and food and cover during this period. Wildlife including migratory birds, upland game birds, big game animals, furbearers, predators, rodents, mammals, raptors, and fish is also covered. The Refuge development and maintenance section discusses physical developments and plantings. Resource management is outlined; topics include fur harvesting. A progress report on field investigations and applied research is also provided. The public relations section of the report describes recreational uses, Refuge visitors, Refuge participation, and fishing. Items of interest, NR forms, and photographs are attached.

Summary

Description

This narrative report for Sand Lake NWR and the easement refuges outlines Refuge accomplishments from May through August of 1962. The report begins by summarizing the weather conditions, habitat conditions, water conditions, and food and cover during this period. Wildlife including migratory birds, upland game birds, big game animals, furbearers, predators, rodents, mammals, raptors, and disease is also covered. The Refuge development and maintenance section discusses physical developments, plantings, and vegetation control. Resource management is outlined; topics include grazing and haying. A progress report on field investigations and applied research is also provided. The public relations section of the report describes recreational uses, Refuge visitors, Refuge participation, and safety. Items of interest, NR forms, and photographs are attached.