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Periodic bowhead whale aerial surveys by the USDI/Minerals Management Service in the Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, April 1979 - October 2001 (NODC Accession 0001139)

Zusammenfassung

Art der Freigabe
ongoing release of a series of related datasets

Datenlizenz
Not Applicable

Inhaltslizenz
Creative Commons CCZero

Bestätigung
automatisiert zertifiziert

Veröffentlichungsdatum
27 September 2015
Änderungsdatum
27 September 2015
Aktualisierungshäufigkeit
asNeeded
Herausgeber
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce
Identifier
periodic-bowhead-whale-aerial-surveys-by-the-usdi-minerals-management-service-in-the-bering-chu
Landing Page
http://catalog.data.gov/dataset/periodic-bowhead-whale-aerial-surveys-by-the-usdi-minerals-management-service-in-the-bering-chu
Zeitliche Abdeckung
21 April 1979 — 19 October 2001
Language
eng

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Beschreibung

The Minerals Management Service (MMS), previously Bureau of Land Management, has funded fall bowhead whale aerial surveys in this area each year since 1978, using a repeatable protocol from 1982 to the present. Bowhead monitoring by MMS Environmental Studies Section, Alaska Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) Region, normally overlaps the September-October "open-water" season when offshore drilling and geophysical exploration are feasible and when the fall subsistence hunt for bowhead whales takes place near Kaktovik, Nuiqsut, and Barrow, Alaska. The primary survey aircraft was a de Havilland Twin Otter Series 300. The aircraft was equipped with three medium-size bubble windows that afforded complete viewing of the track-line. Geographic positions of the aircraft were logged onto a laptop computer from a Global Navigation System (1982-1991) or a Global Positioning System (1992-2000). Prior to 1992, many surveys in Block 12 (See Browse Graphic) were conducted from a Grumman Turbo Goose Model G21G. All bowhead (and beluga) whales observed were recorded, along with incidental sightings of other marine mammals. Particular emphasis was placed on regional surveys to assess large-area shifts in the migration pathway of bowhead whales and on the coordination of effort and management of data necessary to support seasonal offshore-drilling and seismic-exploration regulations. The selection of survey blocks to be flown on a given day was nonrandom, based primarily on criteria such as observed and predicted weather conditions over the study area and offshore oil-industry activities. Otherwise, the project attempted to distribute effort fairly evenly east-to-west across the entire study area. Aerial coverage favored inshore survey blocks (See Browse Graphic), since bowheads were rarely sighted north of these blocks in previous surveys (1979-1986). Surveys were flown at a target altitude of 458 m in order to maximize visibility and to minimize potential disturbance to marine mammals. Flights were normally aborted when cloud ceilings were consistently less than 305 m or the wind force was consistently above Beaufort 4. Daily flight patterns were based on sets of non-repeating transect grids computer-generated for each survey block. Transect grids were derived by dividing each survey block into sections 30 minutes of longitude across. One of the minute marks along the northern edge of each section was selected at random then connected by a straight line to a similarly selected endpoint along the southern edge of that same section. This procedure was followed for all sections of that survey block. These transect legs were then connected alternately at their northernmost or southernmost ends to produce one continuous flight grid within each survey block. Gridlines were occasionally lengthened to cover both an inshore block and the block north of it. Lines were occasionally truncated due to extended poor visibility or to avoid potential interference with subsistence whaling activities. For bowheads encountered "on transect", the aircraft sometimes circled for a brief (< 10 min) period to observe behavior, obtain better estimates of their numbers, and/or determine whether calves were present. Any new groups sighted when circling were recorded as "on search".

Allgemeine Informationen

Rechtliche Information

Dieser Datensatz wurde durch die US Regierung erstellt, so dass die er gemeinfrei sein sollte. Allerdings erlaubt das US Urheberreciht den offenen Zugang nur für Staatsbürger der Vereinigten Staten, wir haben angenommen dass die Daten für den Rest der Welt statt dessen als CC0 lizenziert sind, das dies dem Geist der Open Data Richtlinie der US Regierung entspricht.

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