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The intent of this work is to evaluate the potential costs and benefits of integrating wild fish into hatchery programs. We proposed to examine the disease susceptibility in offspring of hatcheryXhatchery and wildXwild fish to the bacterial pathogen, Aeromonas salmonicida. Differences observed in disease susceptibility or resistance may be due to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The MHC is a family of genes that encode for MHC I and II molecules that present antigenic material to host immune cells. MHC I molecules are predominantly associated with viral (intra-cellular) pathogens; whereas, MHC II molecules are predominantly associated with bacterial (extra-cellular) pathogens (Piertney and Oliver, 2006). Previous researchers have observed a correlation between MHC II allelic variation and resistance to A. salmonicida in Atlantic salmon, suggesting a relationship between MHC II alleles and Atlantic salmon fitness (Langefors et al., 2001). Many other immune-relevant genes, however also contribute to the complexity of immune response, experience different selection pressures and thus likely affect offspring fitness (Sommer, 2005). Therefore, the disease challenge is an initial step in determining if introducing wild-origin fish into hatchery programs may contribute to fitness differences within and among populations of hatchery and wild salmon. Survival of treatment groups to disease challenge over time

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Chinook salmon are critical species in the Puget Sound pelagic food web. Puget Sound Chinook are accumulating polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), contaminants of emerging concern. However, information on tissue concentrations of PBDEs associated with adverse effects in salmon and other fish is limited. These data are critical for assessing the risk associated with current and future levels of PBDEs in threatened salmon stocks. We propose to expose salmon to levels of PBDE congeners found previously in Puget Sound Chinook, as well as encompass levels of uncertainties associated with model predictions and potential climate change. The output of this project will significantly contribute to increasing the scientific understanding of the impacts of PBDE exposure by developing dose-response data of disease susceptibility, and endocrine and immune function. An outcome of this study is the protection of Puget Sounds food web and waters by developing protective standards for aquatic life and reducing toxins. Results of disease susceptibility, immune function, and thyroid function after exposure

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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

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The purpose of this project is to assess the chemical tracers (e.g., stable isotopes, patterns and ratios of persistent organic pollutants, and fatty acid profiles) to infer the winter diets of southern resident killer whales (SRKW). The Environmental Assessment Program and Ecotoxicology Program are using multiple lines of evidence from chemical tracers in fish and invertebrates to elucidate the importance of salmon species and populations in the winter diet of southern resident killer whales. Major findings will be presented to a US-Canada Science Panel evaluating the salmon fishery killer whale interactions and submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication. The Conservation Division will use this information to corroborate or refute the presumed winter diet based on a limited number of observations of direct feeding and scat analyses. The Northwest Regional Office of Protected Resources will use this information, in part to assess the role of the salmon fishery on the recovery efforts for southern resident killer whales. This project is a stand-alone project, and is one component of a larger Killer Whale Prey project that assesses the quality of prey of southern resident killer whales in terms of their contaminants and energetic content. Measures of 6 classes of persistent organic pollutants (PCBs, PBDEs, DDTs, HCB, HCHs and Chlordanes ) in killer whales and their prey.

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This data set is part of a larger set of data called the MultiBeam Bathymetric Data Base (MBBDB) where other similar data can be found at http://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/multibeam/

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Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) maps are an integral component in oil-spill contingency planning and assessment. They serve as a source of information in the event of an oil spill incident. ESI maps contain three types of information: shoreline habitats (classified according to their sensitivity to oiling), sensitive biological resources, and human-use resources. Most often, this information is plotted on 7.5 minute USGS quadrangles, although in the Alaska ESI maps, USGS topographic maps at scales of 1:63,360 and 1:250,000 are used, and in other ESI maps, NOAA charts have been used as the base map. Collections of these maps, grouped by state or a logical geographic area, are published as ESI atlases. Digital data have been published for most of the U.S. shoreline, including Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico.

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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

Summary

Description

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

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Oceanographic station data were collected from the OWASCO within a 1-mile radius of Ocean Weather Station D (4400N 04100W) and in transit. Data were collected by the United States Coast Guard (USCG) from 09 August 1970 to 28 August 1970. Data were processed by NODC to the NODC standard Station Data II Output Format (SD2). Full format description is available from NODC at www.nodc.noaa.gov/General/NODC-Archive/sd2.html. The SD2 format contains physical-chemical oceanographic data recorded at discrete depth levels. Most of the observations were made using multi-bottle Nansen casts or other types of water samplers. A small amount (about 5 percent) were obtained using electronic CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) or STD (salinity-temperature-depth) recorders. The CTD/STD data were reported to NODC at depth levels equivalent to Nansen cast data, however, and have been processed and stored the same as the Nansen data. Cruise information (e.g., ship, country, institution), position, date, and time, and reported for each station. The principal measured parameters and temperature and salinity , but dissolved oxygen, phosphate, total phosphorus, silicate, nitrate, nitrite, and pH may be reported. Meteorological conditions at the time of the cast (e.g., air temperature and pressure, wind, waves) may also be reported, as well as auxiliary data such as water color (Forel-Ule scale), water transparency (Secchi disk depth), and depth to bottom. Values of density (sigma-t) sound velocity, and dynamic depth anomaly are computed from measured parameters. Each station contains the measurements taken at the observed depth levels, but also includes data values interpolated to a set of standard depth levels.

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Description

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

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A bare earth elevation map (also known as a Digital Elevation Model or DEM) of the Pearl River Delta in Louisiana and Mississippi was produced from remotely sensed, geographically referenced elevation measurements cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Park Service (NPS), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This data set provides those bare earth elevation measurements in portions of the following parishes/counties: Orleans and St. Tammany in Louisiana and Hancock in Mississippi. Elevation measurements were collected over the area using the NASA Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), a pulsed laser ranging system mounted onboard an aircraft to measure ground elevation, vegetation canopy, and coastal topography. The system uses high frequency laser beams directed at the Earth's surface through an opening in the bottom of the aircraft's fuselage. The laser system records the time difference between emission of the laser beam and the reception of the reflected laser signal in the aircraft. The plane travels over the target area at approximately 50 meters per second at an elevation of approximately 300 meters. The EAARL, developed by NASA at Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia, measures ground elevation with a vertical resolution of 15 centimeters. A sampling rate of 3 kilohertz or higher results in an extremely dense spatial elevation dataset. Over 100 kilometers of coastline can be easily surveyed within a 3 to 4 hour mission time period. When subsequent elevation maps for an area are analyzed, they provide a useful tool to make management decisions regarding land development.

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XBT data were collected from the NOAA Ship MILLER FREEMAN in support of the Integrated Global Ocean Services System (IGOSS) project. Data were collected by the National Ocean Service (NOS) from 26 August 1976 to 23 September 1976. Data were processed by NODC to the NODC standard Universal Bathythermograph Output (UBT) format. Full format description is available from NODC at www.nodc.noaa.gov/General/NODC-Archive/bt.html. The UBT file format is used for temperature-depth profile data obtained using expendable bathythermograph (XBT) instruments. Standard XBTs can obtain profiles at depths of about 450 or 760 m. With special instruments, measurements can be obtained to 1830 m. Cruise information, position, date, and time are reported for each observation. The data record comprises pairs of temperature-depth values. Unlike the MBT data file, in which temperature values are recorded at uniform 5m intervals, the XBT Data File contains temperature values at non-uniform depths. These depths are at a minimum number of points ("inflection points") required to record the temperature curve to an acceptable degree of accuracy. On output, however, the user may request temperature values either at inflection points or interpolated to uniform depth increments.

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Description

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

Summary

Description

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

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Data from Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) Subsurface Temperature Recorders (STR) provide a time series of water temperature at coral reef sites. Data is typically collected at 1800 second intervals for a duration of 2 years using a SBE39 Temperature Recorder (Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., www.seabird.com). When a STR is recovered, a new one is typically deployed in the same place. Time series data combining multiple deployments from a given site may also be available. Please contact CRED with any questions. For program information see the web site http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred/oceanography.php

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To support NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) long-term goals for sustainable management and conservation of coral reef ecosystems, towed-diver surveys (AKA towboard surveys) are conducted by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) of the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) as part of Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP) Cruises. 6 towboard surveys (totaling 13.51 km in length) were conducted from 20120227 to 20120325 and another 27 towboard surveys (totaling 58.72 km in length) were conducted at Tutuila in American Samoa from 20120401 to 20120426 as part of RAMP Cruise HA1201. Towboard surveys are a good method for obtaining a general description of large reef areas, assessing the status of low-density populations of large-bodied reef fish, large-scale disturbances (e.g., bleaching), general distribution and abundance patterns of macro-invertebrates (e.g., crown of thorns sea stars, giant clams), and for assessing trends in these populations and metrics. A pair of scuba divers (1 fish diver and 1 benthic diver) are towed 60 m behind a small survey launch at a speed of 1-2 knots and a depth of approximately 15 m. Each survey is 50 min long, covers about 2 km of habitat, and is divided into ten 5-minute survey segments. The fish diver records, to the lowest possible taxon, all large-bodied reef fishes (greater than 50 cm total length) seen within 5 m either side and 10 m in front of the towboard. Length of each individual is estimated to the nearest cm. The fish towboard is also outfitted with a forward-facing digital video camera to record the survey swath. The benthic diver records percent cover of coral and macroalgae, estimates benthic habitat type and complexity, and censuses a suite of benthic macroinvertebrates including crown of thorns sea stars and sea urchins. The benthic towboard is equipped with a downward-facing digital still camera which images the benthos at 15-second intervals. These images are analyzed for percent cover of coral, algae, and other benthic components. Both towboards are equipped with SEABIRD SBE-39 temperature/depth sensors set to record at 5-second intervals. Latitude and longitude of each survey track is recorded at 15-second intervals using a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver onboard the tow boat. A layback algorithm is applied to more accurately map the position of the divers with respect to the reef environment. This algorithm calculates the position of the divers based on the position of the tow boat taking into account the length of the tow rope, the depth of the divers, and the curvature of the survey track. This metadata applies to the fish biomass observations.

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MBT data were collected from the USS REAPER in support of the Fleet Observations of Oceanographic Data (FLOOD) project. Data were collected by US Navy; Ships of Opportunity from 14 November 1959 to 10 December 1959. The platform was equipped and staffed to observe weather and sea conditions. Data were processed by NODC to the NODC standard Universal Bathythermograph Output (UBT) format. Full format description is available from NODC at www.nodc.noaa.gov/General/NODC-Archive/bt.html. The UBT file format is used for temperature-depth profile data obtained using the mechanical bathythermograph (MBT) instrument. The maximum depth of MBT observations is approximately 285 m. Therefore, MBT data are useful only in studying the thermal structure of the upper layers of the ocean. Cruise information, date, position, and time are reported for each observation. The data record comprises pairs of temperature-depth values. Temperature data in this file are recorded at uniform 5 m depth intervals.

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Belt transects along 3 consecutively-placed, 25m transect lines were surveyed as part of Rapid Ecological Assessments conducted at 10 sites at Palmyra Atoll in March and April, 2004 from the NOAA vessel Oscar Elton Sette (OES04-04). Raw survey data included species level abundance estimates.

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NGDC builds and distributes high-resolution, coastal digital elevation models (DEMs) that integrate ocean bathymetry and land topography to support NOAA's mission to understand and predict changes in Earth's environment, and conserve and manage coastal and marine resources to meet our Nation's economic, social, and environmental needs. They can be used for modeling of coastal processes (tsunami inundation, storm surge, sea-level rise, contaminant dispersal, etc.), ecosystems management and habitat research, coastal and marine spatial planning, and hazard mitigation and community preparedness.