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The article, Trends In Complicated Newborn Hospital Stays and Costs, 2002-2009, Implications For the Future, published in Volume 4, Issue 4 of Medicare and Medicaid Research Review, assessed all-payer administrative data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project HCUP Nationwide Inpatient Sample NIS, to examine trends 2002-2009 in complicated newborn hospital stays. Findings indicate that complicated births and hospital discharges within 30 days of birth remained relatively constant, but average costs per discharge increased substantially. Most strikingly, over time, the proportion of complicated births billed to Medicaid increased, while the proportion paid for by private payers decreased. Complications for infants with Medicaid were more likely due to preterm birth-low birth weight and respiratory distress, while complications for those with private insurance were more likely due to jaundice. Policies to prevent common birth complications have the potential to reduce costs for public programs and improve birth outcomes.