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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

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NODC Accession 0112342 includes biological, chemical, discrete sample, physical and profile data collected from HAKUREI MARU in the North Pacific Ocean and Philippine Sea from 1997-11-10 to 1998-01-19 and retrieved during cruise 49HG19971110 and NH97. These data include ALKALINITY, CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-11 (CFC-11), CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-113 (CFC-113), CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-12 (CFC-12), CHLOROPHYLL A, DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON, DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE, NITRATE + NITRITE CONTENT (CONCENTRATION), NITRITE, PHOSPHATE, SALINITY, SILICATE, SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE (SF6), WATER TEMPERATURE and pH. The instruments used to collect these data include CTD, Coulometer for DIC measurement and bottle. These data were collected by Fumiyasu Nishibori of General Environmental Technos Co LTD and Yutaka W. Watanabe of National Institute for Resources and Environment as part of the PACIFICA_49HG19971110 data set. PACIFICA (PACIFic ocean Interior CArbon) was an international collaborative project for the data synthesis of ocean interior carbon and its related parameters in the Pacific Ocean. The North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES), Section of Carbon and Climate (S-CC) supported the project.

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Fish and benthos baseline surveys were made at 155 sites of the near shore region off Kahekili Beach Park, West Maui in January and August, 2008. Survey sites were grouped into six broad habitat categories, and herbivore biomass in a range of functional groups was calculated per habitat category. Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resource (HDAR) is currently working to establish a Herbivore Fisheries Management Area (HFMA) [n.b. previously titled as Kahekili Ecosystem Recovery Area] encompassing reef areas adjacent to Kahekili Beach park in West Maui. The goal of the proposed HFMA is to increase the reef's capacity to resist a phase shift from coral to macroalgal domination by prohibiting the take of herbivorous fish and sea-urchins. Fish surveys were performed by scientists of HDAR and the Hawaii Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii (UH). Benthic surveys were conducted by scientists of the Department of Botany, UH.

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Onemetersquare 1 meter x 1 meter benthic substrate at Rose Atoll, site 5P 14 33.280 S, 168 09.878 W, between 40 and 41 meters along a permanent transect.

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The Multi-center Airborne Coherent Atmospheric Wind Sensor (MACAWS) was deployed during the Third Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX_3). Line-of-sight velocity and intensity as as function of range, backscattered intensity, turbulence approximation, and complex covariance data for the period of 3 August 1998 through 22 September 1998. The CAMEX-3 mission was to study hurricanes over land and ocean in the U.S., Gulf of Mexico, Carribbean, and Western Atlantic ocean in coordination with multiple aircraft and reserach-quality radar, lightning,radiosonde, and raingauge sites.

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To support NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) long-term goals for sustainable management and conservation of coral reef ecosystems, towed-diver surveys (aka. towboard surveys) were conducted by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) of the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) as part of biennial Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP) Cruises. 9 towboard surveys (20.1776 km in length), were conducted at Asuncion Island during the Marianas Archipelago RAMP Cruise HI0903 from 15 April - 7 May 2009. Towboard surveys are a good method for obtaining a general description of large reef areas, assessing the status of low-density populations of large-bodied reef fish, large-scale disturbances (e.g., bleaching), general distribution and abundance patterns of macro-invertebrates (e.g., COT, giant clams), and for assessing trends in these populations and metrics. A pair of scuba divers (1 fish and 1 benthic diver) are towed 60 m behind a small survey launch at a speed of 1-2 knots and a depth of approximately 15m. Each survey is 50 min long, covers about 2 km of habitat, and is divided into ten 5-minute survey segments. The fish diver records, to the lowest possible taxon, all large-bodied reef fishes (>50cmTL) seen within 5m either side and 10m in front of the towboard. Length of each individual is estimated to the nearest cm. The fish towboard is also outfitted with a forward-facing digital video camera to record the survey swath. The benthic diver records percent cover of coral and macroalgae, estimates benthic habitat type and complexity, and censuses a suite of benthic macroinvertebrates including Crown of Thorns sea stars and sea urchins. The benthic towboard is equipped with a downward-facing digital still camera which images the benthos at 15 second intervals. These images are analyzed for percent cover of coral, algae, and other benthic components. Both towboards are equipped with SEABIRD SBE-39 temperature/depth sensors set to record at 5 second intervals. Latitude and longitude of each survey track is recorded at 15 second intervals using a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver onboard the tow boat. A layback algorithm is applied to more accurately map the position of the divers with respect to the reef environment. This algorithm calculates the position of the divers based on the position of the tow boat taking into account the length of the tow rope, the depth of the divers, and the curvature of the survey track. This metadata applies to the benthic characterization observations.

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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

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This disk or set of disks contain high-resolution multibeam and backscatter maps of the south-western corner of the Pulley Ridge Area, near the Tortugas, in the Gulf of Mexico. It includes the following products: 1) *.ASC File of the area mapped, 2) Caris files of the bathymetry, 3) Geotiff images of bathymetry, and 4) Fledermaus files of the survey locations. All products are available contacting the distributor. Another product that will not be distributed, but will be used as input to habitat classification software (QTC MultiView), are raw data files logged to disk using the Simrad EM3000 multibeam system data acquisition software. These raw files contain packets of information (depth soundings, navigation, attitude, sound velocity profiles, UTC time) that the acquisition software logged sequentially in time. The raw data format is available from Kongsberg-Simrad. The multibeam system was provided by University of South Florida, College of Marine Science and the support vessel was the Florida Institute of Oceanography R/V Suncoaster.

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Standard suite of multibeam survey mapping products generated by the Okeanos Explorer seafloor mapping team on data collected on NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer during EX0903: Mapping Field Trial I Mendocino Ridge between 20090505 and 20090526

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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

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The work developed baseline information on fish and benthic communities within the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (FGBNMS). Surveys employed diving, technical diving, ROV, and hydroacoustics technologies for a comprehensive assessment of the fish and benthic habitat communities of the East and West Bank. The FGBNMS represents the northernmost tropical western Atlantic coral reef on the continental shelf and support the most highly developed offshore hard bank community in the region. The complexity of habitats supports a diverse assemblage of organisms including approximately 250 species of fish, 23 species of coral, and 80 species of algae in addition to large sponge communities. Understanding and monitoring these resources is critical to both sanctuary inventory and management activities. During the course of the sanctuary's management plan review process, the impact of fishing was identified as a priority issue, and the concept of a research only area was suggested. The purpose of this project will be to provide baseline data for all benthic habitats and communities.

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These data are the result of a multi-beam echosounder survey conducted in the OHAPC by the M/V Liberty Star in October 2002. Two forms of data are available: 1) geotifs available through the on-line OGIS (www.uncw.edu/oculina) on the OGIS CD, and from CoRIS (See Network Resource), and 2) XYZ ASCII format data for the high-resolution bathymetry, available through CoRIS. Although requested in the original contract, backscatter in the form of raw X-Y-Amplitude data was not recorded during the survey.The data presented in the Oculina Banks Geographic Information System (OGIS) was collected as part of a cooperative project between: the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Undersea Research Program, NOAA Fisheries (also primary sponsor of OGIS), NOAA Ocean Service, NOAA Ocean Exploration Program, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)-- Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution (HBOI) and Florida State University. An Oculina Geographic Information Sys/tem (OGIS) provides a comprehensive, interactive data source for the Oculina Banks Habitat Area of Particular Concern (OHAPC), a marine protected area off the east coast of Florida in 70 to 120 meters of water depth. Data layers include: : multi-beam bathymetry, single-beam bathymetry, sidescan mosaics, sediment analyses, resulting interpretative maps of habitat types, video and still imagery from submersible (human occupied and remotely operated vehicles) dive transects and point counts (fish and habitat cover), and dive narratives.

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NODC Accession 0117291 includes Surface underway, chemical, meteorological and physical data collected from Rio Blanco in the English Channel, Indian Ocean, Mozambique Channel, North Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic Ocean and Strait of Gibraltar from 2010-01-15 to 2010-12-14 and retrieved during cruise 06RB20100115. These data include BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - atmosphere, Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide - water, SALINITY and SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE. The instruments used to collect these data include Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzer and Shower head chamber equilibrator for autonomous carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement. These data were collected by Nathalie Lefevre of Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; Institut Pierre Simon Laplace; Laboratoire D'Oceanographie et du Climat: Experimentations et Approches Numeriques as part of the VOS_Monte_Rio_Lines_Rio_Blanco_2010 data set. The Global Volunteer Observing Ship (VOS) Program is coordinated by the UNESCO International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP). International groups from 14 countries have been outfitting research ships and commercial vessels with automated CO2 sampling equipment to analyze the carbon exchange between the ocean and atmosphere.

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The Integrated Science Data Management (ISDM) office processes oceanographic profiles reported for the world oceans in near real-time from the Global Telecommunications System (GTS) for the Global Temperature and Salinity Profile Program (GTSPP). These data also support the activities of the Ship-of-Opportunity Programme Implementation Panel (SOOPIP) and the WOCE Upper Ocean Thermal Program (WOCE UOT).

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This data set is part of a larger set of data called the MultiBeam Bathymetric Data Base (MBBDB) where other similar data can be found at http://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/multibeam/

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<p> High-altitude balloon flights are an inexpensive method used to lift payloads to high altitudes. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations permit payloads of up to 6 lbs without requiring any waivers or special permissions. Using such a balloon flight capability, the Rocket University program at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) has collaborated with the Johnson Space Center (JSC) to perform test flights of a sub-scale version of the Maraia Entry Capsule. The Maraia Capsule is envisioned as an entry technology testbed that could be adapted to return small payloads (10-100’s of kg) from the International Space Station (ISS) or from beyond Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) destinations.</p> <p> The main test objective is to gain insight into the aerodynamic and dynamic properties of the capsule in the subsonic regime. The capsule has been scaled accordingly, resulting in a test article 10” in diameter by approximately 6.5” tall at the 6 lb weight limit. Secondary test objectives include testing subsystems (e.g. avionics, parachutes, and guidance, navigation, and control (GN&C) subsystems) planned for use in future larger scale flights, as well as training and gaining overall experience in all aspects of designing, developing, and testing spaceflight systems.</p> <p> <em>A priori</em> winds and trajectory predictions are used to determine a launch location such that the trajectory and predicted landing location is desirable for safety and recovery purposes. The balloon is filled on the ground and payload lines are laid along the predominant ground wind direction. The system is launched from a large open area in order to minimize the risk of entanglement and jerking of the lines and payloads.</p> <p> The balloon ascends for one to two hours, depending on payload mass and fill volume. Once above an altitude of 70,000 ft, a release command is issued when trajectory predictions show that the capsule will land within the landing zone (or when they are closest to the zone, based on real-time trends). The capsule descends in freefall to 50,000 ft, at which point an autonomous command is sent to deploy the parachute. The ground operator may also manually issue a parachute deploy command at any time. The capsule then descends and lands, with an approximate terminal velocity of 38 ft/s.</p> <p> A separate release command is issued for the Rocket University payload, which contains its own avionics, when landing predictions are such that it is desirable for the payload to separate from the balloon and land. (Note: on Flight #1, this command was issued simultaneously for both payloads. Future flights will permit separate commands for better control of payload landing locations). The parachute system for the Rocket University payload is an inline, pre-deployed system that inflates as the payload descends. The balloon then ascends (now more quickly, with less payload attached) and bursts at (very approximately) 115,000 ft, and is not recovered.</p> <p> The subscale Maraia Capsule includes avionics, a parachute deployment system, communications, power, a global positioning system (GPS) / inertial navigation system (INS) sensor, a GoPro camera, a flight processor, and a data recorder. A barometric altimeter is being added for Flight #2.</p> <p> A number of blog websites and YouTube videos have been posted on the web of other groups and individuals performing high-altitude balloon flights. However, NASA’s effort is unique because it is pushing the envelope on small high-altitude balloon flights in a few different ways. First, Rocket University has developed an avionics platform that will fly on large-scale balloon flights, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and rockets. Second, Rocket University’s approach of using telemetered and recorded GPS, inertial measurement unit (IMU), altimeter, and video data is much more advanced than the typical hobbyist’s approach of using a cell phone / camera combination tracked via the web. Additionally, this capsule uses a parachute deploy system originally modified from a typical rocketry system using black powder to one using a commanded servo/pin/spring combination, in order to reduce the hazard associated with explosives. Finally, this capsule is a prototype for a potential sample return capsule designed to bring back samples from the ISS, an asteroid, the Moon, or Mars.</p>

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Numerous Rawinsondes (radiosondes) were launched from Andros Island in support of CAMEX-4. These sondes provided Atmospheric soundings of temperature, pressure, relative humidity, wind, and altitude.

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This map demonstrates the spatial location and total number of refuges within the Northwest Interior Forest LCC.

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Temperature profile data were collected from multiple ships from October 21, 2000 to January 31, 2001. Data were submitted by Marine Environmental Data Service (MEDS) as part of the Gulf of Mexico NOAA/NMFS Ship of Opportunity (SOOP), Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography (ARGO), and Global Temperature - Salinity Pilot Project (GTSPP) projects. Data were collected using moored buoy, profiling floats, TAO buoy, and XBT casts in a world-wide distribution.

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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

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The NOAA/NASA AVHRR Oceans Pathfinder sea surface temperature data are derived from the 5-channel Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometers (AVHRR) on board the NOAA -7, -9, -11, -14, -16 and -17 polar orbiting satellites. Daily, 8-day and monthly averaged data for both the ascending pass (daytime) and descending pass (nighttime) are available on equal-angle grids of 8192 pixels/360 degrees (nominally referred to as the 4km resolution, 4096 pixels/360 degrees (nominally referred to as the 9km resolution), 2048 pixels/360 degrees (nominally referred to as the 18km resolution), and 720 pixels/360 degrees (nominally referred to as the 54km resolution or 0.5 degree resolution).The monthly averaged daytime data was converted to an ESRI GRID format and the 12 monthly grid files were combined into one annual grid with a attribute field for each month.

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