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Temperature profile data were collected using bathythermograph (BT/XBT) casts from PRESIDENT JOHNSON in the Pacific Ocean from December 3, 1976 to December 10, 1976. Data were submitted by Scripps Institution of Oceanography as part of the Thermal Structure Monitoring Program in the Pacific (TRANSPAC) project. Data were processed by NODC to the NODC standard Universal Bathythermograph Output (UBT) format. Full BT descriptions are available at http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/General/NODC-Archive/bt.html. The UBT format contains temperature-depth profile data obtained using expendable bathythermograph (XBT) instruments. Cruise information, position, date and time were reported for each observation. The data record was comprised of pairs of temperature-depth values. Unlike the MBT Data File, in which temperature values were recorded at uniform 5 m intervals, the XBT data files contained temperature values at non-uniform depths. These depths were recorded at the minimum number of points (''inflection points'') required to accurately define the temperature curve. Standard XBTs can obtain profiles to depths of either 450 or 760 m. With special instruments, measurements can be obtained to 1830 m.

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Oceanographic station data were collected from the TANEY within a 1-mile radius of Ocean Weather Station H (3800N 07100W) and in transit. Data were collected by the United States Coast Guard (USCG) from 28 November 1974 to 09 December 1974. Data were processed by NODC to the NODC standard Station Data II Output Format (SD2). Full format description is available from NODC at www.nodc.noaa.gov/General/NODC-Archive/sd2.html. The SD2 format contains physical-chemical oceanographic data recorded at discrete depth levels. Most of the observations were made using multi-bottle Nansen casts or other types of water samplers. A small amount (about 5 percent) were obtained using electronic CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) or STD (salinity-temperature-depth) recorders. The CTD/STD data were reported to NODC at depth levels equivalent to Nansen cast data, however, and have been processed and stored the same as the Nansen data. Cruise information (e.g., ship, country, institution), position, date, and time, and reported for each station. The principal measured parameters and temperature and salinity , but dissolved oxygen, phosphate, total phosphorus, silicate, nitrate, nitrite, and pH may be reported. Meteorological conditions at the time of the cast (e.g., air temperature and pressure, wind, waves) may also be reported, as well as auxiliary data such as water color (Forel-Ule scale), water transparency (Secchi disk depth), and depth to bottom. Values of density (sigma-t) sound velocity, and dynamic depth anomaly are computed from measured parameters. Each station contains the measurements taken at the observed depth levels, but also includes data values interpolated to a set of standard depth levels.

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The Country-Level Population and Downscaled Projections Based on Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) B2 Scenario, 1990-2100, were based on the UN 1998 Medium Long Range Projection for the years 1995 to 2100. The official version projects population for 8 regions of the world including Africa, Asia (minus India and China), India, China, Europe, Latin America, Northern America, and Oceania. This dataset is produced and distributed by the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN). (Suggested Usage: To provide data on country-level population and downscaled projections based on the SRES B2 marker scenario.)

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To support a long-term NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) for sustainable management and conservation of coral reef ecosystems, from 15 April - 7 May 2009, line point intercept (LPI) surveys of benthic parameter assessments were conducted, as a part of Rapid Ecological Assessments (REA), during the Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP) Cruise HI0903 in the Marianas Archipelago at biennial intervals by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) at the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC). During the cruise, 14 REA sites were surveyed at Agrihan Island in the Marianas Archipelago. At the specific REA sites, coral biologists along with algal biologists, marine invertebrate zoologist, and fish biologists entered the water and conducted a fine-scale (~300 m2) and high degree of taxonomic resolution REA survey to assess and monitor species composition, abundance, percent cover, size distribution, diversity, and general health of fish, corals, macro-invertebrates, and algae in shallow-water (< 35 m) habitats. As a part of REA surveys, the line point intercept surveys were used to quantitatively assess average percent live coral cover and other benthic substrates at REA sites. The surveys were conducted along two consecutively-placed 25m transect lines by a coral biologist. All benthic elements falling directly underneath the transect line at 20-cm to 50-cm intervals were recorded as one of nine benthic categories: live coral, dead coral, carbonate pavement, encrusting coralline algae, macroalgae, coral rubble, sand, rock, and other benthic sessile invertebrates. All living benthic elements (e.g., coral, algae, and other invertebrates) were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible. These data provide the basis for computing quantitative estimates of percent live coral cover, as well as percent cover of the different benthic constituents.

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This accession contains one month of geodetic data records (GDRs) from the GEOSAT Exact Repeat Mission (ERM) for the time period of January 24, 1988 to February 26, 1988. Parameters include: time, orbit, latitude/longitude, and sea surface height. Corrections to the data include: sea level, wind and wave data, tides, dry and wet troposphere, ionosphere, height bias, altimeter crossover differences, altimeter sea surface measurement, and spacecraft orientation. These data were submitted by the U.S. Navy via National Oceanic Service. The US Navy Geosat (Geodetic Satellite) radar altimeter mission lasted for nearly 5 years (March 1985 to January 1990) and collected approximately 750 million measurements of sea level, wave height, and wind speed over the global oceans. During the Geodetic Mission (March 1985 to September 1986), the satellite did not repeat its ground track for the duration of the mission. The orbit of the satellite was changed in early October 1986 to begin the Exact Repeat Mission (ERM) which lasted from November 8, 1986 until the satellite quit functioning in January 1990. During the ERM, the satellite repeated its ground track every 17 days. Data were initially processed by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, MD in coordination with the NOAA/NOS Satellite Altimeter Group. Data products were transferred to the NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) for distribution. Data products are archived at the NODC.

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Post-cruise download of raw data from shipboard computer(s) as furnished by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Shipboard Scientific Support Group and archived by the Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library for the R/V Atlantis - Cruise 011 Leg 27. These data are part of a collection of ocean observation data from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution ships OCEANUS (call sign WXAQ; built 1975.00; IMO 7603617), KNORR (call sign KCEJ; built 1970.00; IMO 7738618), and the ATLANTIS (call sign KAQP; built 1997.03; IMO 9105798). The data sets are the downloads of the shipboard computers after an individual cruise. As such, they contain basic raw and processed physical and meteorological data from the cruise. A data set may include XBT, CTD, and XCTD profiles, underway thermosalinograph and atmospheric measurements, gravity and magnetic field measurements, current measurements from ADCP, and still photographs from the Alvin submersible (Atlantis cruises only). Other data types (ROV, nutrients measured from bottle samples, etc.) and photographs documenting the cruise may be included.

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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

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This data set comprises the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) maps for the shoreline of South Carolina. ESI data characterize coastal environments and wildlife by their sensitivity to spilled oil. The ESI data include information for three main components: shoreline habitats; sensitive biological resources; and human-use resources. This atlas was developed to be utilized within desktop GIS systems and contains GIS files and related D-base files. Associated files include MOSS (Multiple Overlay Statistical System) export files, .PDF maps, and detailed user guides and metadata. The intertidal habitats were mapped during aerial and ground surveys conducted over the period from March to October 1995. The biological and human-use resources data were compiled by regional biologists in 1995. The dates for these data vary and range from historical to the 1990s.

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Many invasive species ecologists prefer to use ecological niche models that rely on presenceonly data and not make any assumptions on whether or not an absence point is truly an absence point. Presenceonly models generally attempt to identify environmental similarities that are defined by the presencepoints andor compare them with the environmental background. They make no distinction between presence and absence, rather base predictions largely on verified occurrences. The purpose of the modeling efforts for this project is to provide useful information to selected U.S. National Wildlife Refuges NWR and publicprivate partners by building on existing datasets and new field surveys conducted under this project. Broadly summarized, the goals are to: Provide modelsmaps of the potential distribution and risk of particularly problematic invaders at two scales: 1 the extent of the participating NWR, and 2 the associated Landscape Conservation Cooperative LCC. Identify the environmental conditions that facilitate invasions for participating National Wildlife Refuges and the associated LCC. Utilize proven spatial statistical methods for model training and evaluation. Provide some insight on distribution trends and response of each of the targeted species for participating NWRs and the associated LCC.

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The Airline Origin and Destination Survey (DB1B) is a 10% sample of airline tickets from reporting carriers collected by the Office of Airline Information of the Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Data includes origin, destination and other itinerary details of passengers transported. This database is used to determine air traffic patterns, air carrier market shares and passenger flows.

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XBT data were collected from the NOAA Ship MILLER FREEMAN and USS O'BANNON in support of the Integrated Global Ocean Services System (IGOSS) project. Data were collected by the National Ocean Service (NOS) and US Navy; Ships of Opportunity from 04 February 1984 to 28 February 1984. Data were processed by NODC to the NODC standard Universal Bathythermograph Output (UBT) format. Full format description is available from NODC at www.nodc.noaa.gov/General/NODC-Archive/bt.html. The UBT file format is used for temperature-depth profile data obtained using expendable bathythermograph (XBT) instruments. Standard XBTs can obtain profiles at depths of about 450 or 760 m. With special instruments, measurements can be obtained to 1830 m. Cruise information, position, date, and time are reported for each observation. The data record comprises pairs of temperature-depth values. Unlike the MBT data file, in which temperature values are recorded at uniform 5m intervals, the XBT Data File contains temperature values at non-uniform depths. These depths are at a minimum number of points ("inflection points") required to record the temperature curve to an acceptable degree of accuracy. On output, however, the user may request temperature values either at inflection points or interpolated to uniform depth increments.

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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

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TRS Technologies, Virginia Tech., and MTech, Inc. propose to develop high torque (&gt;1.5 kg-cm), lightweight (&lt; 250 g), low power (&lt; 2 watts), high precision (&lt;0.2&lt;SUP&gt;o&lt;/SUP&gt;), cryogenic stepping motors using single crystal piezoelectric technology. The ultrasonic motors developed on this program will be targeted for use in passive optics positioning systems and interferometers in IR remote sensing and space telescope applications. The above metrics were achieved during the Phase I program using a traveling wave ultrasonic motor with single crystal drive elements. Motor operation was also demonstrated at 77K. In Phase II, motor torque and speed will be increased and size, weight, and power will be further decreased by optimizing the motor design and crystal element configuration. Drive electronics optimized for operation from 300 to 77K will also be developed. Finally, the motor and electronics will be extensively tested at cryogenic conditions and under thermal cycling for reliability and repeatability. At the conclusion of the Phase II program TRS and our partners will have optimized and characterized piezoelectric ultrasonic motors capable of operating over a very broad temperature range (400 to &lt; 77K) with significant performance improvements (torque, speed, precision, and power) over competing technologies with narrower temperature ranges.

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This data set is part of a larger set of data called the MultiBeam Bathymetric Data Base (MBBDB) where other similar data can be found at http://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/multibeam/

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This georeferenced image represents 5 meter resolution bathymetry (sun illuminated with azimuth 315 and incline 45) of the south shore of St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands. NOAA's NOS/NCCOS/CCMA Biogeography Team and NOAA/NOS/OCS/HSD personnel, in collaboration with NOAA vessel Nancy Foster and territory, federal, and private sector partners, acquired multibeam bathymetry data in the US Virgin Islands from 2/18/04 to 3/5/04. Data was acquired with a pole-mounted Reson 8101 ER multibeam echosounder (240 kHz) and processed by a NOAA contractor using CARIS HIPS v5.4 software. Data has all correctors applied (attitude, sound velocity) and has been reduced to mean lower low water (MLLW) using final approved tides from NOAA COOPS. Data is in UTM zone 20 north, datum WGS84. The processed CARIS data was used to generate a CARIS BASE surface -akin to a DTM- based on swath angle with footprint size 3*3. Within CARIS, an imagery file with associated georeferencing was then exported from the BASE surface. While the project was conducted to meet IHO Order 2 accuracy standards, there is a roll artifact (averaging 0.5m high) in the dataset that the user should take into consideration when performing any analysis.

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The Integrated Science Data Management (ISDM) office processes oceanographic profiles reported for the world oceans in near real-time from the Global Telecommunications System (GTS) for the Global Temperature and Salinity Profile Program (GTSPP). These data also support the activities of the Ship of Opportunity Programme Implementation Panel (SOOPIP) and the WOCE Upper Ocean Thermal Program (WOCE UOT). The ISDM sends a copy of these data to the US NODC three times each week.

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This is a summary of machine harvesting activities on Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge between 1991 and 2008. Information is provided for each year about harvesting yields and plantings. Changes in seed production from year to year are also noted.

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This Comprehensive Conservation Plan CCP was written to guide management on Bowdoin NWR for the next 15 years. This plan outlines the Complex vision and purpose and describes how Bowdoin NWR will contribute to the overall mission of the Refuge System. The plan provides an introduction to the Refuge Complex, an overview of the CCP process, a description of Refuge Complex resources, and information about the management direction. Key planning issues include: upland habitat, sharptailed grouse, water resources, water salinity, riparian habitat, wildlife disease, piping plover, invasive plants, visitor services, partnerships, operations, natural gas development, and monitoring.

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Global MODIS vegetation indices are designed to provide consistent spatial and temporal comparisons of vegetation conditions. Blue, red, and near-infrared reflectances, centered at 469-nanometers, 645-nanometers, and 858-nanometers, respectively, are used to determine the MODIS daily vegetation indices. The MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) complements NOAA's Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) NDVI products provide continuity for time series historical applications. MODIS also includes a new Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) that minimizes canopy background variations and maintains sensitivity over dense vegetation conditions. The EVI also uses the blue band to remove residual atmosphere contamination caused by smoke and sub-pixel thin cloud clouds. The MODIS NDVI and EVI products are computed from atmospherically corrected bi-directional surface reflectances that have been masked for water, clouds, heavy aerosols, and cloud shadows. https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/lpdaac/products/modis_products_table

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These data represent data collected from the Shipboard Environmental (data) Acquisition System (SEAS), a program developed by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to provide accurate meteorological and oceanographic data in real time from ships at sea through the use of satellite data transmission techniques. The system transmits data through either the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) or the International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT C) satellites to NOAA for use in weather, climatological and ocean models. NOAA is actively participating in an international effort to increase the number of subsurface temperature observations in support of global oceanographic and climate studies. NOAA's Expendable Bathythermograph (XBT) program, SEAS, currently supports about 80 Voluntary Observing Ships (VOS). SEAS XBT data are archived by the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) on a weekly basis.

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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.