Shrnutí

Popis

Belt transects along 3 consecutively-placed, 25m transect lines were surveyed as part of Rapid Ecological Assessments conducted at 5 sites at Saipan in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) in August 2003 from the NOAA vessel Oscar Elton Sette (OES03-07). Raw survey data included species level abundance estimates.

Shrnutí

Shrnutí

Popis

The Criminal Case Sentencing System (CCSS) tracking sytem is a record-keeping and tracking application that supports activities of the Office of Criminal Enforcement (OCE). Many of the activities tracked by the OCE are the result of a Grand Jury investiga

Shrnutí

Popis

In 2002, Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge became one of the first Land Management and Research Demonstration LMRD sites. These sites are intended to serve as learning centers and training grounds for land managers, where people both inside and outside the U.S. Fish Wildlife Service can come to see land management practices happening on the ground. This document outlines LMRD program activities on the Refuge from 2002 to 2008.

Shrnutí

Popis

The Integrated Science Data Management (ISDM) office processes oceanographic profiles reported for the world oceans in near real-time from the Global Telecommunicatons System (GTS) for the Global Temperature and Salinity Profile Program (GTSPP). These data also support the activities of the Ship of Opportunity Programme Implementation Panel (SOOPIP) and the WOCE Upper Ocean Thermal Program (WOCE UOT).

Shrnutí

Shrnutí

Popis

MBT data were collected from the USS ENGAGE in support of the Fleet Observations of Oceanographic Data (FLOOD) project. Data were collected by US Navy; Ships of Opportunity from 10 February 1966 to 26 March 1966. The platform was equipped and staffed to observe weather and sea conditions. Data were processed by NODC to the NODC standard Universal Bathythermograph Output (UBT) format. Full format description is available from NODC at www.nodc.noaa.gov/General/NODC-Archive/bt.html. The UBT file format is used for temperature-depth profile data obtained using the mechanical bathythermograph (MBT) instrument. The maximum depth of MBT observations is approximately 285 m. Therefore, MBT data are useful only in studying the thermal structure of the upper layers of the ocean. Cruise information, date, position, and time are reported for each observation. The data record comprises pairs of temperature-depth values. Temperature data in this file are recorded at uniform 5 m depth intervals.

Shrnutí

Popis

CALIPSO Lidar Level 1B profile data

Shrnutí

Popis

Temperature profile data were collected using bathythermograph (BT/XBT) casts from KASHU MARU in the Pacific Ocean from November 16, 1976 to November 22, 1976. Data were submitted by Scripps Institution of Oceanography as part of the Thermal Structure Monitoring Program in the Pacific (TRANSPAC) project. Data were processed by NODC to the NODC standard Universal Bathythermograph Output (UBT) format. Full BT descriptions are available at http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/General/NODC-Archive/bt.html. The UBT format contains temperature-depth profile data obtained using expendable bathythermograph (XBT) instruments. Cruise information, position, date and time were reported for each observation. The data record was comprised of pairs of temperature-depth values. Unlike the MBT Data File, in which temperature values were recorded at uniform 5 m intervals, the XBT data files contained temperature values at non-uniform depths. These depths were recorded at the minimum number of points (''inflection points'') required to accurately define the temperature curve. Standard XBTs can obtain profiles to depths of either 450 or 760 m. With special instruments, measurements can be obtained to 1830 m.

Shrnutí

Shrnutí

Popis

Towed-diver surveys (aka. Towboard surveys) are conducted by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) of the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) as part of biennial Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP) Cruises. These cruises support NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) long-term goals for sustainable management and conservation of coral reef ecosystems. 16 towboard surveys (32.6726 km in length), were conducted at French Frigate Shoals in the NW Hawaiian Islands from 12 July - 17 August 2003 as part of RAMP Cruise OES0306. Towboard surveys are a good method for obtaining a general description of large reef areas, assessing the status of low-density populations of large-bodied reef fish, large-scale disturbances (e.g., bleaching), general distribution and abundance patterns of macro-invertebrates (e.g., COT, giant clams), and for assessing trends in these populations and metrics. A pair of scuba divers (1 fish and 1 benthic diver) are towed 60 m behind a small survey launch at a speed of 1-2 knots and a depth of approximately 15m. Each survey is 50 min long, covers about 2 km of habitat, and is divided into ten 5-minute survey segments. The fish diver records, to the lowest possible taxon, all large-bodied reef fishes (>50cmTL) seen within 5m either side and 10m in front of the towboard. Length of each individual is estimated to the nearest cm. The fish towboard is also outfitted with a forward-facing digital video camera to record the survey swath. The benthic diver records percent cover of coral and macroalgae, estimates benthic habitat type and complexity, and censuses a suite of benthic macroinvertebrates including Crown of Thorns sea stars and sea urchins. The benthic towboard is equipped with a downward-facing digital still camera which images the benthos at 15 second intervals. These images are analyzed for percent cover of coral, algae, and other benthic components. Both towboards are equipped with SEABIRD SBE-39 temperature/depth sensors set to record at 5 second intervals. Latitude and longitude of each survey track is recorded at 15 second intervals using a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver onboard the tow boat. A layback algorithm is applied to more accurately map the position of the divers with respect to the reef environment. This algorithm calculates the position of the divers based on the position of the tow boat taking into account the length of the tow rope, the depth of the divers, and the curvature of the survey track. This metadata applies to the fish biomass observations.

Shrnutí

Popis

CTD, marine invertebrate pathology, benthic organisms, and marine toxic substances and pollutants data were collected using CTD, net casts, and other instruments from the SEA TRANSPORTER and other platforms in the Gulf of Mexico. Data were collected from 20 May 1978 to 15 January 1979. Data were submitted by the South West Research Institute in Houston with support from the Ocean Continental Shelf (OCS). Full format and format code descriptions are available at http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/General/NODC-datafmts.html. The F022 format contains high-resolution data collected using CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) and STD (salinity-temperature-depth) instruments. As they are lowered and raised in the oceans, these electronic devices provide nearly continuous profiles of temperature, salinity, and other parameters. Data values may be subject to averaging or filtering or obtained by interpolation and may be reported at depth intervals as fine as 1m. Cruise and instrument information, position, date, time and sampling interval are reported for each station. Environmental data at the time of the cast (meteorological and sea surface conditions) may also be reported. The data record comprises values of temperature, salinity or conductivity, density (computed sigma-t), and possibly dissolved oxygen or transmissivity at specified depth or pressure levels. Data may be reported at either equally or unequally spaced depth or pressure intervals. A text record is available for comments. Marine Invertebrate Pathology (F063) contains data from examinations of diseased marine invertebrates. Although these data maybe from field observations, they derive primarily from laboratory analyses. Data include: catch statistics (e.g., total weight, number of individual, identity of disease and number of diseased individuals) by species for any number of species; and biological condition of selected specimens. The size location, and frequency of lesions may be reported for individual specimens. Specimens are identified by an NODC Taxonomic Code. A text record is available for comments. The F0132 contains data from field sampling or surveys of bottom dwelling marine organisms. The data provide information on species abundance, distribution, and biomass; they may have been collected by point sampling (grab or core), by tow (dredge, trawl or net), by photographic surveys, or by other methods. Cruise information such as vessel, start and end dates, investigator, and institution/agency; station numbers, positions and times; and equipment and methods are reported for each survey. Environmental data reported at each sampling site may include meteorological and sea surface conditions; surface and bottom temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen; and sediment characteristics. Number of individual organisms and total weight of organisms is reported for each species. A text record is available for comments. This file contains data on ambient concentrations of toxic substances and other pollutants in the marine environment. The data derive from laboratory analyses of samples of water, sediment, or marine organisms. Samples may have been collected near marine discharge sites or during ocean monitoring surveys of large areas. Field observations of tar deposits on beaches may also be reported. Survey information includes platform type, start and end dates, and investigator and institution. If data are collected near a discharge site, discharge location, depth, distance to shore, average volume, and other characteristics are reported. Position, date, time and environmental conditions are reported for each sample station. Environmental data may include meteorological and sea surface conditions, tide stage and height, depth of the thermocline or mixed layer surface temperature and salinity, and wave height and periods. Sample characteristics, collection methods, and laboratory techniques are reported for each sample collected and analyzed. The data record comprises concentration values (or a code to indicate trace amounts) for each chemical substance analyzed. Chemical substances are identified by codes based on the registry numbers assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) of the American Chemical Society. Marine organisms from which samples have been taken are identified using the 12-digit NODC Taxonomic Code. A text record is available for optional comments.

Shrnutí

Popis

To support NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) long-term goals for sustainable management and conservation of coral reef ecosystems, towed-diver surveys (aka. towboard surveys) were conducted by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) of the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) as part of biennial Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP) Cruises. 15 towboard surveys (32.0560 km in length), were conducted at French Frigate Shoals during the NW Hawaiian Islands RAMP Cruise TC0207 from 8 September - 7 October 2002. Towboard surveys are a good method for obtaining a general description of large reef areas, assessing the status of low-density populations of large-bodied reef fish, large-scale disturbances (e.g., bleaching), general distribution and abundance patterns of macro-invertebrates (e.g., COT, giant clams), and for assessing trends in these populations and metrics. A pair of scuba divers (1 fish and 1 benthic diver) are towed 60 m behind a small survey launch at a speed of 1-2 knots and a depth of approximately 15m. Each survey is 50 min long, covers about 2 km of habitat, and is divided into ten 5-minute survey segments. The fish diver records, to the lowest possible taxon, all large-bodied reef fishes (>50cmTL) seen within 5m either side and 10m in front of the towboard. Length of each individual is estimated to the nearest cm. The fish towboard is also outfitted with a forward-facing digital video camera to record the survey swath. The benthic diver records percent cover of coral and macroalgae, estimates benthic habitat type and complexity, and censuses a suite of benthic macroinvertebrates including Crown of Thorns sea stars and sea urchins. The benthic towboard is equipped with a downward-facing digital still camera which images the benthos at 15 second intervals. These images are analyzed for percent cover of coral, algae, and other benthic components. Both towboards are equipped with SEABIRD SBE-39 temperature/depth sensors set to record at 5 second intervals. Latitude and longitude of each survey track is recorded at 15 second intervals using a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver onboard the tow boat. A layback algorithm is applied to more accurately map the position of the divers with respect to the reef environment. This algorithm calculates the position of the divers based on the position of the tow boat taking into account the length of the tow rope, the depth of the divers, and the curvature of the survey track. This metadata applies to the benthic characterization observations.

Shrnutí

Popis

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

Shrnutí

Shrnutí

Popis

<p>Advancements in radar technology have resulted in commercial, automotive collision avoidance radars. These radar systems typically use 37GHz or 77GHz <strong><u>interferometry</u></strong> to identify hazards around a vehicle. This is done by developing a high-resolution ‘topographic’ map of the area surrounding the vehicle and identifying potential changes in the surrounding area.  The technology should not be confused with older radar systems, which do not use interferometry. Automotive interferometric systems are designed to be lightweight, consume little electric power, and are small enough to fit into fenders of vehicles.</p><p>These systems have enormous potential in performing the same functions for planetary landers.  Compared to systems dependent on optical wavelengths, suspended dust, small particles and aerosols are transparent to radar’s much longer wavelengths.  The automotive collision avoidance systems are not inhibited by dust clouds as are optical systems, are relatively small, and do not consume much power – three key characteristics that make them good candidates for a collision avoidance system.</p><p>Radar systems, from vendors like Delphi Automotive, are available with the full complement of hardware, processing software and visualization systems. We emphasize the importance of the existing software base.  Replicating the investment represented by these packages is prohibitive. Freescale Semiconductors, an industry leader in advanced integrated circuits, have recently announced the availability of a single chip automotive radar solution at different frequencies. These single-chip solutions are state-of-the-art technologies that integrate the entire front-end of a radar system into a single surface mount device, that occupies less that <strong><em>1 sq. cm</em></strong>. This product significantly miniaturizes a potential collision avoidance system.  However, these radars are calibrated for use in an automotive application. Radar reflectivity and target detection is based on known radar cross sections for typical vehicular use.</p><p>In our effort, we will evaluate a Delphi or similar radar solution for MSFC’s Mighty Eagle and Lunar Surface Testbed. In the first year evaluation will with a static platform. The evaluation will consist of understanding the radar signature (at automotive radar frequencies) of a simulated lunar surface and also evaluate the performance of the built-in target detection capability of a COTS radar system. In addition, we will begin evaluation of the Freescale Semiconductor solution. This will enhance our in-house capability to design and build our own system that will incorporate the knowledge gained from using the Delphi system in the terrain field.</p><p>There are several significant elements in the evaluation.  Here we specifically note the following to give some indication of the range and nature of the elements. (1) What interference to other spacecraft systems might happen?  (2) How does placement on the spacecraft affect the performance of the radar? (3) What is the distance-object size-surface morphology-particle size-particle shape-particle composition detectability performance? (4) How sensitive are the tests to moisture in the simulant?  The later point is a practical concern that must be addressed in order to evaluate the other elements.  We are aware that rocket exhaust can interfere with radar frequencies.  The significant of this effect at the target wavelengths with our instrument/lander geometry for an interferometric system will be evaluated.</p>

Shrnutí

Popis

This dataset was collected during CAMEX-3 in Aug and Sep of 1998, and consists of timeline measurements (one timeline per flight) of water vapor content during each of the DC-8 flights. Using the JPL Laser Hygrometer making measurements out of the right side of the forward fuselage into the free airstream beyond the boundary layer, in situ moisture measurements were made of the atmosphere in immediate proximity to the aircraft along the flight track.

Shrnutí

Shrnutí

Popis

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

Shrnutí

Popis

Onemetersquare 1 meter x 1 meter benthic substrate at Jarvis Island, site 4P 0 22.810S, 160 00.094W, between 40 and 41 meters along a permanent transect.

Shrnutí

Popis

Hourly measurements made by selected ship sensors on the R/V Seward Johnson during the 2002 "Islands in the Stream - Pharmaceutical Discovery, Vision, and Bioluminescence" expedition sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Ocean Exploration, August 15 - 31, 2002. Measurements include ship's position and heading, air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, wind speed and direction, depth, total solar irradiance, chlorophyll-a (fluorometer), sea surface temperature, and salinity. This data set was compiled from Virtual Instrument Data System (VIDS) ASCII files provided by the University of Miami Marine Technology Group at Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution. Quality assurance included a check of distances between hourly positions, checks for missing hourly data, review of minimum and maximum values, verification of continuous pump operation, and deletion of negative values.

Shrnutí

Popis

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

Shrnutí

Shrnutí

Popis

The Diablo Canyon Power Plant (DCPP) LiDAR and Imagery datasets are comprised of three separate LiDAR surveys: Diablo Canyon (2010), Los Osos (2011), and San Simeon (2013). The DCPP Los Osos project study area is located in San Luis Obispo County, California, and encompasses approximately 170,000 acres (674.59 square kilometers). Watershed Sciences, Inc. (WSI) collected Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data across the project area from 17 March 2011 to 31 March 2011. The LiDAR survey utilized a Leica ALS60 sensor in a Cessna Caravan. The Leica system was set to acquire 105,900 laser pulses per second (i.e., 105.9 kHz pulse rate) and flown at 900 meters above ground level (AGL), capturing a scan angle of +/- 14 degrees from nadir when clouds and terrain permitted. With these flight parameters, the laser swath width is 449 m and the laser pulse footprint is 21 cm. These settings yield an average native pulse density of equal-to-or-more-than 8 pulses per square meter over terrestrial surfaces.

Shrnutí

Popis

CALIPSO Lidar Level 2 Polar Stratospheric Clouds presents, composition, and optical properties