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This data set is part of a larger set of data called the MultiBeam Bathymetric Data Base (MBBDB) where other similar data can be found at http://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/multibeam/

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NODC Accession 0115286 includes biological, chemical, discrete sample, physical and profile data collected from RYOFU MARU in the North Pacific Ocean and South Pacific Ocean from 1997-09-12 to 1997-11-07 and retrieved during cruise PACIFICA_49RY19970912. These data include ALKALINITY, AMMONIUM, CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-11 (CFC-11), CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-12 (CFC-12), CHLOROPHYLL A, DELTA CARBON-13, DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON, DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE, NITRATE, NITRATE + NITRITE CONTENT (CONCENTRATION), NITRITE, PHAEOPHYTIN, PHOSPHATE, Potential temperature (theta), SALINITY, SIGMA-THETA, SILICATE, TOTAL PHOSPHORUS, WATER TEMPERATURE and pH. The instruments used to collect these data include CTD and bottle. These data were collected by Akira Nakadate of Japan Meteorological Agency and Masao Ishii of Meteorological Research Institute; Geochemical Research Department as part of the PACIFICA_49RY19970912 data set. PACIFICA (PACIFic ocean Interior CArbon) was an international collaborative project for the data synthesis of ocean interior carbon and its related parameters in the Pacific Ocean. The North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES), Section of Carbon and Climate (S-CC) supported the project.

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NODC Accession 0115287 includes biological, chemical, discrete sample, physical and profile data collected from RYOFU MARU in the North Pacific Ocean from 1998-06-09 to 1998-07-02 and retrieved during cruise PACIFICA_49RY19980609 and RF98-06 Leg.1. These data include ALKALINITY, AMMONIUM, CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-11 (CFC-11), CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-12 (CFC-12), CHLOROPHYLL A, DELTA CARBON-13, DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON, DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE, NITRATE, NITRATE + NITRITE CONTENT (CONCENTRATION), NITRITE, PHAEOPHYTIN, PHOSPHATE, Potential temperature (theta), SALINITY, SIGMA-THETA, SILICATE, TOTAL PHOSPHORUS, WATER TEMPERATURE and pH. The instruments used to collect these data include CTD and bottle. These data were collected by Akira Nakadate of Japan Meteorological Agency and Masao Ishii of Meteorological Research Institute; Geochemical Research Department as part of the PACIFICA_49RY19980609 data set. PACIFICA (PACIFic ocean Interior CArbon) was an international collaborative project for the data synthesis of ocean interior carbon and its related parameters in the Pacific Ocean. The North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES), Section of Carbon and Climate (S-CC) supported the project.

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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

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NODC Accession 0115288 includes biological, chemical, discrete sample, physical and profile data collected from RYOFU MARU in the North Pacific Ocean and South Pacific Ocean from 2000-09-20 to 2000-11-04 and retrieved during cruise PACIFICA_49RY20000920 and RF00-09 Leg.1. These data include ALKALINITY, AMMONIUM, CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-11 (CFC-11), CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-12 (CFC-12), CHLOROPHYLL A, DELTA CARBON-13, DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON, DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE, NITRATE, NITRATE + NITRITE CONTENT (CONCENTRATION), NITRITE, PHAEOPHYTIN, PHOSPHATE, Potential temperature (theta), SALINITY, SIGMA-THETA, SILICATE, TOTAL PHOSPHORUS, WATER TEMPERATURE and pH. The instruments used to collect these data include CTD and bottle. These data were collected by Sukeyoshi Takatani of Japan Meteorological Agency and Masao Ishii of Meteorological Research Institute; Geochemical Research Department as part of the PACIFICA_49RY20000920 data set. PACIFICA (PACIFic ocean Interior CArbon) was an international collaborative project for the data synthesis of ocean interior carbon and its related parameters in the Pacific Ocean. The North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES), Section of Carbon and Climate (S-CC) supported the project.

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Stationary Point Counts at 4 stations at each survey site were surveyed as part of Rapid Ecological Assessments (REA) conducted at 3 sites around Alamagan in the Marianas Archipelago (MA) during 25 May - 09 June 2007 in the NOAA Hi'ialakai (HI0703) Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP) Cruise. Raw survey data included species level abundance estimates.

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NODC Accession 0115289 includes biological, chemical, discrete sample, physical and profile data collected from RYOFU MARU in the North Pacific Ocean and Philippine Sea from 2000-11-05 to 2000-11-20 and retrieved during cruise PACIFICA_49RY20001105 and RF00-09 Leg.2. These data include ALKALINITY, AMMONIUM, CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-11 (CFC-11), CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-12 (CFC-12), CHLOROPHYLL A, DELTA CARBON-13, DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON, DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE, NITRATE, NITRATE + NITRITE CONTENT (CONCENTRATION), NITRITE, PHAEOPHYTIN, PHOSPHATE, Potential temperature (theta), SALINITY, SIGMA-THETA, SILICATE, TOTAL PHOSPHORUS, WATER TEMPERATURE and pH. The instruments used to collect these data include CTD and bottle. These data were collected by Sukeyoshi Takatani of Japan Meteorological Agency and Masao Ishii of Meteorological Research Institute; Geochemical Research Department as part of the PACIFICA_49RY20001105 data set. PACIFICA (PACIFic ocean Interior CArbon) was an international collaborative project for the data synthesis of ocean interior carbon and its related parameters in the Pacific Ocean. The North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES), Section of Carbon and Climate (S-CC) supported the project.

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XBT data were collected from the NOAA Ship RAINIER in support of the Integrated Global Ocean Services System (IGOSS) project. Data were collected by the National Ocean Service (NOS) from 15 February 1984 to 23 February 1984. Data were processed by NODC to the NODC standard Universal Bathythermograph Output (UBT) format. Full format description is available from NODC at www.nodc.noaa.gov/General/NODC-Archive/bt.html. The UBT file format is used for temperature-depth profile data obtained using expendable bathythermograph (XBT) instruments. Standard XBTs can obtain profiles at depths of about 450 or 760 m. With special instruments, measurements can be obtained to 1830 m. Cruise information, position, date, and time are reported for each observation. The data record comprises pairs of temperature-depth values. Unlike the MBT data file, in which temperature values are recorded at uniform 5m intervals, the XBT Data File contains temperature values at non-uniform depths. These depths are at a minimum number of points ("inflection points") required to record the temperature curve to an acceptable degree of accuracy. On output, however, the user may request temperature values either at inflection points or interpolated to uniform depth increments.

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To support a long-term NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) for sustainable management and conservation of coral reef ecosystems, from 25 May - 09 June 2007, marine invertebrate quantitative assessments were conducted, as part of Rapid Ecological Assessments (REA), during the Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP) Cruise HI0703 in the Marianas Archipelago. Such cruises are conducted at biennial intervals by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) at the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC). At specific reef sites, marine invertebrate zoologists along with coral and algal biologists entered the water and conducted a fine-scale (~100 m2) and high degree of taxonomic resolution benthic REA survey for coral, algae, and key invertebrate species. Invertebrate surveys were focused on quantifying key non-coral invertebrate species common to the reef habitats, and were conducted using a combination of different survey techniques to quantify the diverse communities. These methods included belt-transect surveys, roving-swim surveys, and quadrat surveys. In belt-transect surveys, quantitative counts of key invertebrates were recorded along two consecutively-placed 25m long and 2m wide belt transects (total area = 100 m2). For any species that cannot be identified in the field, a photograph and a representative specimen, if possible, is collected for later identification. Roving-swim surveys were conducted in the general area with the goal to collect qualitative data for rare, larger, and cryptic organisms, such as Crown of Thorns Starfish and Triton's Trumpet snails which may not be seen during belt-transect surveys, and to survey any additional habitats present at the site, e.g. sand, sea grass, pavement, etc. This was accomplished by swimming a zig-zag pattern that extends roughly 5 m on either side of the two transect lines (total length = 500 m). Quadrat surveys were used to quantify the smaller, more cryptic invertebrates which were sometimes overlooked or too numerous to count during belt-transect surveys. Ten 0.25-m2 quadrats were laid out at 2-m intervals along two of the 25-m transects (total area = 5 m2). For each quadrat the percent cover of sponges, octocorals and zoanthids was recorded, as well as urchins, hermit crabs of the genus Calcinus, trapezid crabs, and coralliophilid snails. In addition, up to 25 cm diameters of all urchin species are measured. Based on data from previous REA surveys, a group of target invertebrate species was chosen for quantitative counts at 9 REA sites at Maug Islands in the Marianas Archipelago. The species in the list were chosen because they have been shown to be common components of the reef habitats and they are species that are generally visible (i.e.; non-cryptic) and easily enumerated during the course of a single 50-60 minute SCUBA survey.

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To support NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) long-term goals for sustainable management and conservation of coral reef ecosystems, towed-diver surveys (aka. towboard surveys) were conducted by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) of the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) as part of the Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP) Cruises. 11 towboard surveys (24.65 km in length), were conducted at Tinian during the Mariana Archipelago RAMP Cruise HA1401 from 20140325 to 20140518. Towboard surveys are a good method for obtaining a general description of large reef areas, assessing the status of low-density populations of large-bodied reef fish, large-scale disturbances (e.g., bleaching), general distribution and abundance patterns of macro-invertebrates (e.g., Crown of Thorns sea stars, giant clams), and for assessing trends in these populations and metrics. A pair of scuba divers (1 fish and 1 benthic diver) are towed 60 m behind a small survey launch at a speed of 1-2 knots and a depth of approximately 15 m. Each survey is 50 min long, covers about 2 km of habitat, and is divided into ten 5-minute survey segments. The fish diver records, to the lowest possible taxon, all large-bodied reef fishes (greater than 50 cm total length) seen within 5 m either side and 10 m in front of the towboard. Length of each individual is estimated to the nearest cm. The fish towboard is also outfitted with a forward-facing digital video camera to record the survey swath. The benthic diver records percent cover of coral and macroalgae, estimates benthic habitat type and complexity, and censuses a suite of benthic macroinvertebrates including Crown of Thorns sea stars and sea urchins. The benthic towboard is equipped with a downward-facing digital still camera which images the benthos at 15-second intervals. These images are analyzed for percent cover of coral, algae, and other benthic components. Both towboards are equipped with SEABIRD SBE-39 temperature/depth sensors set to record at 5-second intervals. Latitude and longitude of each survey track is recorded at 5-second intervals using a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver onboard the tow boat. A layback algorithm is applied to more accurately map the position of the divers with respect to the reef environment. This algorithm calculates the position of the divers based on the position of the tow boat taking into account the length of the tow rope, the depth of the divers, and the curvature of the survey track. This metadata applies to the benthic characterization observations.

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Data from Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) Subsurface Temperature Recorders (STR) provide a time series of water temperature at coral reef sites. Data is typically collected at 1800 second intervals for a duration of 2 years using a SBE39 Temperature Recorder (Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., www.seabird.com). When a STR is recovered, a new one is typically deployed in the same place. Time series data combining multiple deployments from a given site may also be available. Please contact CRED with any questions. For program information see the web site http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred/oceanography.php