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This dataset was developed by NREL's distributed energy systems integration group as part of a study on high penetrations of distributed solar PV [1]. It consists of hourly load data in CSV format for use with the PNNL taxonomy of distribution feeders [2]. These feeders were developed in the open source GridLAB-D modelling language [3]. In this dataset each of the load points in the taxonomy feeders is populated with hourly averaged load data from a utility in the feeder’s geographical region, scaled and randomized to emulate real load profiles. For more information on the scaling and randomization process, see [1]. The taxonomy feeders are statistically representative of the various types of distribution feeders found in five geographical regions of the U.S. Efforts are underway (possibly complete) to translate these feeders into the OpenDSS modelling language. This data set consists of one large CSV file for each feeder. Within each CSV, each column represents one load bus on the feeder. The header row lists the name of the load bus. The subsequent 8760 rows represent the loads for each hour of the year. The loads were scaled and randomized using a Python script, so each load series represents only one of many possible randomizations. In the header row, "rl" = residential load and "cl" = commercial load. Commercial loads are followed by a phase letter (A, B, or C). For regions 1-3, the data is from 2009. For regions 4-5, the data is from 2000. For use in GridLAB-D, each column will need to be separated into its own CSV file without a header. The load value goes in the second column, and corresponding datetime values go in the first column, as shown in the sample file, sample_individual_load_file.csv. Only the first value in the time column needs to written as an absolute time; subsequent times may be written in relative format (i.e. "+1h", as in the sample). The load should be written in P+Qj format, as seen in the sample CSV, in units of Watts (W) and Volt-amps reactive (VAr). This dataset was derived from metered load data and hence includes only real power; reactive power can be generated by assuming an appropriate power factor. These loads were used with GridLAB-D version 2.2. [Browse files](http://en.openei.org/datasets/files/968/pub/) in this dataset, accessible as individual files and as a single ZIP file. This dataset is approximately 242MB compressed or 475MB uncompressed. For questions about this dataset, contact andy.hoke@nrel.gov. If you find this dataset useful, please mention NREL and cite [1] in your work. References: [1] A. Hoke, R. Butler, J. Hambrick, and B. Kroposki, “Steady-State Analysis of Maximum Photovoltaic Penetration Levels on Typical Distribution Feeders,” IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, April 2013, available at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=6357275 . [2] K. Schneider, D. P. Chassin, R. Pratt, D. Engel, and S. Thompson, “Modern Grid Initiative Distribution Taxonomy Final Report”, PNNL, Nov. 2008. Accessed April 27, 2012: http://www.gridlabd.org/models/feeders/taxonomy of prototypical feeders.pdf [3] K. Schneider, D. Chassin, Y. Pratt, and J. C. Fuller, “Distribution power flow for smart grid technologies”, IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition, Seattle, WA, Mar. 2009, pp. 1-7, 15-18.

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The geology data set for this map includes arcs, polygons, and labels that outline and describe the general geologic age and type of bedrock of Iran. The geologic provinces data set includes arcs, polygons, and labels of geologic and petroleum provinces interpreted and designated by R.M. Pollastro from a number of literature and map resources to assist in the assessment of oil and gas resources for the USGS World Energy Project. The oil and gas field centerpoints data set is a point coverage that marks the approximate centerpoints of oil and gas fields in Iran. Political boundaries are provided to show the general location of country and/or other reference 'political' boundaries.

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Tsunami is a Japanese word meaning harbor wave. It is a water wave or a series of waves generated by an impulsive vertical displacement of the surface of the ocean or other body of water. This slide set depicts advancing waves, harbor damage, and structural damage from seven tsunami events which have occurred since 1946 in the Pacific region. The set includes before-and-after views of Scotch Cap Lighthouse (the Aleutian Islands).Tsunami is a Japanese word meaning "harbor wave." It is a water wave or a series of waves generated by an impulsive vertical displacement of the surface of the ocean or other body of water. Tsunamis are commonly called seismic sea waves or incorrectly, tidal waves. The term "tidal wave" is frequently used in the older literature and in popular accounts, but is now considered incorrect. Tides are produced by the rotational attraction of the sun and moon and occur predictably, with twelve hour periods. The effects of a tsunami may be increased or decreased depending on the level of the tide, but otherwise the two phenomena are independent.Major tsunamis occur in the Pacific Ocean region only about once per decade. These major events, such as that in Prince William Sound, Alaska, in March 1964, and the tsunami generated off the coast of Chile in 1960, have been devastating over large distances. Tsunamis have been responsible for thousands of fatalities, especially in Japan and Indonesia.Most tsunamis are caused by a rapid vertical movement along a break in Earth's crust (i.e., their origin is tectonic). A tsunami is generated when a large mass of earth on the bottom of the ocean drops or rises, thereby displacing the column of water directly above it. This type of displacement commonly occurs in large subduction zones, where the collision of two tectonic plates causes the oceanic plate to dip beneath the continental plate to form deep ocean trenches. Shallow tsunamigenic earthquakes occur offshore in these trenches. Subduction occurs along most of the island arcs and coastal areas of the Pacific, except for the west coast of the United States and Canada. Such trench areas off continental coasts and island arcs are generating areas for major tsunamis affecting the entire Pacific Basin.Volcanic eruptions have also generated significant tsunamis, resulting in death tolls as high as 30,000 people from a single event, as in the Krakatoa eruption of 1883. Tsunamis effectively transmit energy to areas outside the reach of the volcanic eruption itself. The most efficient methods of tsunami generation by volcanoes include disruption of a body of water by the collapse of all or part of the volcanic edifice, subsidence, an explosion, a landslide, a glowing avalanche, and an earthquake accompanying or preceding the eruption. Roughly one-half of all volcanic tsunamis are generated at calderas or at cones within calderas. Submarine eruptions may also cause minor tsunamis.The largest tsunamis are caused by meteorite impact in ocean basins. While there have been none recorded in historical times, tsunamis from the Chixulub, Yucatan, crater (66 million years b.p.) were up to 5 km high. Tsunami deposits have been found in west Texas nearly 1,000 kilometers inland. Modelling shows that a moderate size meteor impact in the Atlantic Ocean would have devastating results along the entire Atlantic seaboard of the United States. Such impacts are expected on an average of once in about 15,000 years.Subaerial and submarine landslides into bays or lakes have generated locally destructive tsunamis. Other possible but less efficient methods of tsunami generation also exist. More than one mechanism commonly is involved in the generation of a tsunami including vertical movement of the crust by a seismic impulse (an earthquake) or a submarine landslide.Tsunamis have been reported since ancient times. They have been documented extensively, especially in Japan and the Mediterranean areas. One of the first recorded tsunamis may have occurred off the coast of Syria in 2000 B.C. Since 1900 (the beginning of instrumentally-located earthquakes), most tsunamis have been generated off the coast of Japan, Peru, and Chile. The only regions that have generated remote-source tsunamis affecting the entire Pacific Basin are the Kamchatka Peninsula, the Aleutian Islands, the Gulf of Alaska, and the coast of South America. Hawaii, because of its location in the center of the Pacific Basin, has experienced tsunamis generated in all parts of the Pacific.The Atlantic Ocean has less tsunamis than the Pacific. Most tsunamis in the Atlantic Ocean are generated by great earthquakes west of Portugal. These can be destructive on both sides of the Atlantic. In the Atlantic Ocean, there are no subduction zones at the edges of plate boundaries to spawn tsunamis except small subduction zones under the Caribbean and Scotia arcs. The Caribbean and Mediterranean Seas both have histories of locally destructive tsunamis. In the Indian Ocean, the Indo-Australian plate is being subducted beneath the Eurasian plate at its east margin. Most tsunamis generated in this area are propagated toward the southwest shores of Java and Sumatra, rather than into the Indian Ocean. However, only a few tsunamis have been recorded as originating in the Indian Ocean.Our knowledge of tsunamis is incomplete. The generation phenomenon has not been observed nor measured directly. Large tsunami events are somewhat rare and therefore difficult to capture on high quality slides or videos. However, photographs can contribute significantly to our understanding of tsunamis by recording permanently the heights and the damaging effects of the waves of past tsunami events.

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ABSTRACT: This data set provides monthly burned area, and monthly, and annual fire emissions data from July 1996 to February 2012. Emissions data are available for carbon (C), dry matter (DM), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), hydrogen (H2), nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), organic carbon (OC), black carbon (BC), particulate matter 2.5 micron (PM2p5), total particulate matter (TPM), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). The C4 fraction of carbon emissions is also provided. The annual C emissions estimates were derived by combining burned area data with a biogeochemical model, CASA-Global Fire Emissions Database (CASA-GFED), that estimates fuel loads and combustion completeness for each monthly time step. The fuel loads were based on satellite derived information on vegetation characteristics and productivity to estimate carbon input and carbon outputs through heterotrophic respiration, herbivory, and fires. Note that while most emissions estimates included data for 32 variables (trace gases, aerosols, and carbon), not all data are available for all years, and not all variables (emission species) are included in each data product.Additional information may be obtained from the Global Fire Data website: http://www.globalfiredata.org/index.html.Data products include:- 0.5 degree x 0.5 degree gridded monthly burned area data (ha) for 1996 to 2012 provided as text files and as GeoTIFF files for 1996 to 2012.- 3-Hourly emssions (fraction) for 2003 to 2010 in NetCDF (.nc) format.- Daily emssions (fraction) for 2003 to 2010, in NetCDF (.nc) format.- Monthly emissions for 32 variables from 1997 to 2011, in text and GeoTIFF format.- Monthly emissions for 31 variables from specific sources (grassland and savanna, woodland, deforestation & degradation, forest, agricultural waste burning, and peat fires), both as absolute and relative emissions. The time period is for 2007 to 2011, and the files are provided in text and GeoTIFF format.- Global emission totals of C and other species from all sources, and from each individual source (forest fires, peat fires, agricultural waste burning, etc).- Annual emissions of carbon and other trace gases for all countries, for the period 1997 to 2010, provided as text files. These files are for indicative use only; they are not suitable for official reporting due to large uncertainties and potential for missing key regional aspects in the global approach used.- Ancillary data for monthly biosphere fluxes. The CASA-GFED biosphere flux sources include Net Primary Production (NPP), Heterotrophic respiration (Rh), and fires (biomass burning). These files are for the time period 1997 to 2009 and are provided as text files and in GeoTIFF format.There are 12 compressed (*.zip) files with this data set. The data are in text, NetCDF (.nc), and GeoTIFF (.tiff) formats as described above.

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Following the death of a Veteran by suicide, BHAP receives post-mortem medical data and interviewee contact information from VHA suicide prevention coordinators. Data include relevant historical activities and related medical concerns as reviewed in the Veteran's medical record. Interviewees typically include a Veteran's family or close friends. Interviewee data includes behavioral information about the Veteran prior to their death. Data are collected at the VISN 2 Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention and are cleaned, processed, and managed by statistical staff and program analysts on behalf of Mental Health Services.

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The dataset is a list of all the Title VIII fair housing cases filed by FHEO from 1/1/2007 - 12/31/2012 including the case number, case name, filing date, state and county of the alleged violation, and the bases for the alleged discriminatory acts. The Federal bases are race, color, national origin, religion, sex, disability, familial status and retaliation for filing a fair housing complaint. Some of the bases have been broken out into more detailed groupings (Race - Asian, etc.) A single case may have multiple bases. The data can be aggregated to the county or state level to show patterns in the quantity and bases of fair housing complaints filed.

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To facilitate the public health and research community's access to NNDSS data on Lyme disease, CDC has developed a public use dataset. Based on reports submitted to CDC, this dataset provides the number of confirmed cases by county for the years 1992–2011, in four 5–year intervals. County tabulation is by American National Standard Institute (ANSI) [formerly Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS)] codes. County codes of "0" represent "unknown" county of residence within each state. More recent county-level case counts are not publicly available at this time.

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The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, 2011 (TIMSS 2011) is a study that is part of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) program. TIMSS 2011 (http://nces.ed.gov/timss/) is a cross-sectional study that provides international comparative information of the mathematics and science literacy of fourth- and eighth-grade students and examines factors that may be associated with the acquisition of math and science literacy in students. The study was conducted using direct assessments of students and questionnaires for students, teachers, and school administrators. Fourth- and eighth-graders in the 2010-11 school year were sampled. The study's response rate was 94 percent. Key statistics produced from TIMSS 2003 are mathematics and science achievement scores of U.S. fourth- and eighth- grade students compared to that of students in other countries.

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MY NASA DATA (MND) is a tool that allows anyone to make use of satellite data that was previously unavailable.Through the use of MND’s Live Access Server (LAS) a multitude of charts, plots and graphs can be generated using a wide variety of constraints. This site provides a large number of lesson plans with a wide variety of topics, all with the students in mind. Not only can you use our lesson plans, you can use the LAS to improve the ones that you are currently implementing in your classroom.

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NOAA's Environmental Response Management Application (ERMA) is a web-based Geographic Information System (GIS) tool that assists both emergency responders and environmental resource managers in dealing with incidents that may adversely impact the environment. ERMA integrates and synthesizes various real-time and static datasets into a single interactive map, thus provides fast visualization of the situation and improves communication and coordination among responders and environmental stakeholders.

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In accordance with its FOIA regulations, USDA makes records available to the public unless the information is protected from disclosure by one or more of the nine specific FOIA exemptions. This is USDA's required FOIA annual report for the Department of Justice.

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Methane (CH4) flux is the net rate of methane exchange between an ecosystem and the atmosphere. Data of this variable were generated by the USGS LandCarbon project using the General Ensemble Biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS) based on modelled Land-Use/Land-Cover data and selected IPCC emission scenarios. The spatial extent is the conterminous United States and the temporal extent is from 1992 through 2050. Units of measure are expressed in g CH4/m2/yr. Data are projected to Albers Equal Area in the NAD83 datum at a resolution of 2000 meters and are spatially gridded in GeoTiff format.

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These reports provide estimates of the size of various immigration-related populations residing in the United States by period of entry, region and country of origin, state of residence, age, and sex. The estimates were obtained using the “residual” methodology employed for previous estimates of the types of immigration-related populations.

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This dataset contains a baseline inventory and condition assessment of all nonmotorized trails on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service lands as part of the National Trails Inventory Program conducted by the US Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Lands Highway Division. This program began in 2006, with the latest cycle completed in 2012.

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The Permit Compliance System (PCS) and Integrated Compliance Information System (ICIS) widget allows users to enter a specific geography and retrieve companies that have been issued permits to discharge waste water into rivers in the area of interest as reported by the Permit Compliance System.

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This data set reflects the number of complaints the Long-Term Care (LTC) Ombudsman Program received during Federal Fiscal Year (FFY) 2012 on behalf of residents in Residential Care Facilities for the Elderly (RCFE) settings. The LTC Ombudsman Program identifies, investigates and resolves complaints made by or on behalf of residents in LTC facilities and receives and investigates reports of suspected abuse of elder and dependent adults occurring in LTC and some community care facilities. RCFEs include smaller board and care (6 beds) and larger assisted living facilities licensed by the California Department of Social Services. This data corresponds to federally required complaint categories. Complaints that are still open at the end of the FFY would be included in the following FFY data report.

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This release contains the Prescription Drug Profiles Public Use Files (PUFs) drawn from Medicare prescription drug claims for the year of the date on which the prescription was filled. The PUFs includes beneficiary demographics (e.g., gender, age), plan characteristics (e.g., plan type, drug benefit type, gap coverage), prescription drug characteristics (i.e., active ingredient, drug class), prescriber characteristics, and payment information (e.g., average patient pay amount).

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The 2013 Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS:13) is a study that is part of the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) program. TALIS:13 (http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/talis/) is a cross-sectional survey that is designed to collect information about the teaching workforce, teaching as a profession, and the learning environments of schools. The study will be conducted through questionnaires for teachers and school administrators. Teachers and school administrators in lower secondary schools (Grades 7, 8, and 9) were sampled. Key statistics produced from TALIS:13 include information on teacher and principal background and characteristics, teacher and principal professional development, school leadership and management, teacher appraisal and feedback, teachers� instructional beliefs and pedagogical practices, school climate and ethos, student characteristics as perceived by the teacher, and teacher efficacy and job satisfaction.

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The Arctic Oscillation (AO) is a leading teleconnection pattern in the Northern Hemisphere circulation. It is calculated as the first Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) for height anomalies poleward of 20 degrees latitude for the Northern Hemisphere. The goal of the EOF procedure is to capture the maximum amount of explained variance in the circulation fields.

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This data set represents the most recent changes for the Wind Development Planning Areas in the Atlantic. Wind Planning Areas in this dataset represent up to six different types of announcements within the US Federal Register that can be used to show the current status of an area that is being considered for Wind Power Development. Individual projects are listed by state below. Previous Wind Planning Areas that are now designated as leases can be found on the BOEM Leases Shapefile. Metadata for the leases can be found here. MassachusettsThe Wind Energy Area is located off the coast of Massachusetts beginning approximately 12 nmi south of Martha's Vineyard and 13 nautical miles southwest of Nantucket. It covers an area of approximately 300,672 hectares (742,974 acres).Federal Register notices12/29/2010 – Request for Interest(RFI)02/06/2012 – Call for Information02/06/2012 - Notice of Intent to Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement05/30/2012 – Wind Energy Area(WEA)11/02/2012 – Environmental Assessment(EA)06/17/2014 - Proposed Sale Notice (PSN) For more information: Massachusetts State Activities Home PageNew YorkThe New York Power Authority (NYPA), Long Island Power Authority (LIPA), and Consolidated Edison (ConEd) worked together to propose an offshore wind power project south of Long Island, approximately 13 nmi off Rockaway Peninsula. On September 8, 2011, BOEM received an unsolicited request for a commercial lease from NYPA. The area is approximately 32,832 hectares (81,129 acres)Federal Register notices01/04/2013 Request for Interest(RFI)For more information: New York State Activities Home PageNew JerseyThe New Jersey WEA is located offshore New Jersey beginning approximately 7 nautical miles (nmi) from shore and extends 23 nmi seaward. The area is approximately 139,104 hectares (343,732) acres.Federal Register notices04/20/2011 – Call for Information07/17/2014 Proposed Sale NoticeFor more information: New Jersey State Activities Home PageMarylandIn November 2010, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) initiated the leasing process offshore Maryland by issuing a Request for Interest (RFI) to gauge industry’s interest in obtaining commercial wind leases in an area offshore of Maryland. The western edge of the Call Area is approximately 10 nautical miles from the Ocean City, Md., coast, and the eastern edge is approximately 23 nautical miles from the same location. The longest part of the north/south portion is approximately 13 nautical miles and the longest part of the east/west portion is approximately 13 nautical miles. The entire area is approximately 32,256 hectares (79,706 acres).MD Federal Register notices11/09/2010 – Request for Interest(RFI)02/03/2012 – Call for Information02/03/2012 - Notice of Intent to Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement12/18/2013 - Proposed Sale Notice07/03/2014 - Final Sale NoticeFor more information: Maryland State Activities Home PageNorth CarolinaThe NC Call Areas are located in 3 sections along the NC coast. Call Area Kitty Hawk offshore North Carolina contains approximately 138 whole OCS blocks and 36 partial blocks. The boundary begins 6 miles from the shore and extends roughly 34 nautical miles seaward at its longest point. It extends from north to south approximately 45 nautical miles. The entire area is approximately 355,248 hectares. Call Area Wilmington-West offshore North Carolina contains approximately 6 whole OCS blocks and 9 partial blocks. The boundary begins 7 miles from the shore and extends roughly 11 nautical miles seaward. It extends from east to west approximately 15 nautical miles. The entire area is approximately 26,784 hectares. Call Area Wilmington-East offshore North Carolina contains approximately 51 whole OCS blocks and 15 partial blocks. The boundary begins 13 miles from the shore andextends roughly 28 nautical miles seaward. It extends from east to west approximately 21 nautical miles. The entire area is approximately 111,984 hectares.NC Federal Register notices12/13/2012 – Call for Information02/05/2013 – Call for Information (reopening of comment period)For more information: North Carolina State Activities Home PageGeorgiaBOEM has received and is processing an application from Southern Company for an Interim Policy lease approximately 3 to 11 nautical miles off the coast of Tybee Island, Georgia that would authorize the installation and operation of a meteorological tower and/or buoy.Georgia Federal Register noticesEnvironmental Assessment– April 1, 2014For more information: Georgia State Activities Home PageFloridaUnder the 2007 BOEM Interim Policy for authorization of the installation of offshore data collection and technology testing facilities on the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS), BOEM identified four proposed lease areas (PLAs) offshore Florida. One applicant, Florida Atlantic University Southeast National Marine Renewable Energy Center, has submitted an Interim Policy lease application for technology testing and resource assessment within three OCS blocks in PLA 1.　Georgia Federal Register noticesRevised Environmental Assessment– August, 2013For more information: Florida State Activities Page

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A joint venture involving the National Atlas programs in Canada (Natural Resources Canada), Mexico (Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática), and the United States (U.S. Geological Survey), as well as the North American Commission for Environmental Co-operation, has led to the release (June 2004) of several new products: an updated paper map of North America, and its associated geospatial data sets and their metadata. These data sets are available online from each of the partner countries both for visualization and download. The North American Atlas data are standardized geospatial data sets at 1:10,000,000 scale. A variety of basic data layers (e.g. roads, railroads, populated places, political boundaries, hydrography, bathymetry, sea ice and glaciers) have been integrated so that their relative positions are correct. This collection of data sets forms a base with which other North American thematic data may be integrated. Any data outside of Canada, Mexico, and the United States of America included in the North American Atlas data sets is strictly to complete the context of the data. The North American Atlas - Political Boundaries data set shows political entities in North America as polygons representing jurisdictional areas, and as lines representing political boundaries, including International boundaries, Provincial boundaries, State or territory boundaries, and the International Date Line. This data set was produced using digital files supplied by Natural Resources Canada, Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática, and the U.S. Geological Survey.

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The NOAA Ocean Surface Bundle (OSB) Climate Data Record (CDR) consist of three parts: sea surface temperature, near-surface atmospheric properties, and heat fluxes. This portion of the OSB CDR is the NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of Ocean Near Surface Atmospheric Properties including wind speed, air temperature, and specific humidity. Inter-calibrated SSM/I brightness temperatures and a neural network process are used to estimate the near-surface atmospheric parameters. The data cover a time period from January 1988 - December 2007 at a 3-hourly, quarter-degree resolution.

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Contains data on compliance reviews and new entrant safety audits performed by FMCSA and State grantees.

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The Digital Geologic Map of Rocky Mountain National Park and Vicinity, Coloradois comprised of GIS data layers, two ancillary GIS tables, a Windows Help File with ancillary map text, figures and tables, GIS data layer and table FGDC metadata and ArcView 3.X legend (.AVL) files. The data were completed as a component of the Geologic Resources Evaluation (GRE) program, a National Park Service (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) funded program that is administered by the NPS Geologic Resources Division (GRD). All GIS and ancillary tables were produced as per the NPS GIS-Geology Coverage/Shapefile Data Model (available at: http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/inventory/geology/GeologyGISDataModel.htm). The GIS data is available as coverage and table export (.E00) files, and as a shapefile (.SHP) and DBASEIV (.DBF) table files. The GIS data projection is NAD83, UTM Zone 13N. That data is within the area of interest of Rocky Mountain National Park.

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This dataset represents the area of each physiographic province (Fenneman and Johnson, 1946) in square meters, compiled for every catchment of NHDPlus for the conterminous United States. The source data are from Fenneman and Johnson's Physiographic Provinces of the United States, which is based on 8 major divisions, 25 provinces, and 86 sections representing distinctive areas having common topography, rock type and structure, and geologic and geomorphic history (Fenneman and Johnson, 1946). The NHDPlus Version 1.1 is an integrated suite of application-ready geospatial datasets that incorporates many of the best features of the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) and the National Elevation Dataset (NED). The NHDPlus includes a stream network (based on the 1:100,00-scale NHD), improved networking, naming, and value-added attributes (VAAs). NHDPlus also includes elevation-derived catchments (drainage areas) produced using a drainage enforcement technique first widely used in New England, and thus referred to as "the New England Method." This technique involves "burning in" the 1:100,000-scale NHD and when available building "walls" using the National Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD). The resulting modified digital elevation model (HydroDEM) is used to produce hydrologic derivatives that agree with the NHD and WBD. Over the past two years, an interdisciplinary team from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and contractors, found that this method produces the best quality NHD catchments using an automated process (USEPA, 2007). The NHDPlus dataset is organized by 18 Production Units that cover the conterminous United States. The NHDPlus version 1.1 data are grouped by the U.S. Geologic Survey's Major River Basins (MRBs, Crawford and others, 2006). MRB1, covering the New England and Mid-Atlantic River basins, contains NHDPlus Production Units 1 and 2. MRB2, covering the South Atlantic-Gulf and Tennessee River basins, contains NHDPlus Production Units 3 and 6. MRB3, covering the Great Lakes, Ohio, Upper Mississippi, and Souris-Red-Rainy River basins, contains NHDPlus Production Units 4, 5, 7 and 9. MRB4, covering the Missouri River basins, contains NHDPlus Production Units 10-lower and 10-upper. MRB5, covering the Lower Mississippi, Arkansas-White-Red, and Texas-Gulf River basins, contains NHDPlus Production Units 8, 11 and 12. MRB6, covering the Rio Grande, Colorado and Great Basin River basins, contains NHDPlus Production Units 13, 14, 15 and 16. MRB7, covering the Pacific Northwest River basins, contains NHDPlus Production Unit 17. MRB8, covering California River basins, contains NHDPlus Production Unit 18.