Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued over 9 years ago
Summary
Description
ABSTRACT: Global data-surfaces pre-generated by SoilData, at a resolution of 5x5 arc-minutes, in ASCII GRID format for ARC INFO, and for the soil depth interval 0-100 cm.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued over 9 years ago
Summary
Description
ABSTRACT: This data set provides global gridded estimates of atmospheric deposition of total inorganic nitrogen (N), NHx (NH3 and NH4+), and NOy (all oxidized forms of nitrogen other than N2O), in mg N/m2/year, for the years 1860 and 1993 and projections for the year 2050. The data set was generated using a global three-dimensional chemistry-transport model (TM3) with a spatial resolution of 5 degrees longitude by 3.75 degrees latitude (Jeuken et al., 2001; Lelieveld and Dentener, 2000). Nitrogen emissions estimates (Van Aardenne et al., 2001) and projection scenario data (IPCC, 1996; 2000) were used as input to the model.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued over 9 years ago
Summary
Description
Global Drought Mortality Risks and Distribution is a 2.5 minute grid of global drought mortality risks. Gridded Population of the World, Version 3 (GPWv3) data provide a baseline estimation of population per grid cell from which to estimate potential mortality risks due to drought hazard. Mortality loss estimates per hazard event are calculated using regional, hazard-specific mortality records of the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) that span the 20 years between 1981 and 2000. Data regarding the frequency and distribution of drought hazard are obtained from the Global Drought Hazard Frequency and Distribution dataset. In order to more accurately reflect the confidence associated with the data and procedures, the potential mortality estimate range is classified into deciles, 10 classes of increasing risk with an approximately equal number of grid cells per class, producing a relative estimate of drought-based mortality risks. This dataset is the result of collaboration among the Columbia University Center for Hazards and Risk Research (CHRR), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, and Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued over 9 years ago
Summary
Description
Global Flood Total Economic Loss Risk Deciles is a 2.5 minute grid of global flood total economic loss risks. A process of spatially allocating Gross Domestic Product (GDP) based upon the Sachs et al. (2003) methodology is utilized. First the proportional contributions of subnational units to their respective national GDP are determined using sources of various origins. The contribution rates are then applied to published World Bank Development Indicators to determine a GDP value for the subnational unit. Once the national GDP has been spatially stratified into the smallest administrative units available, GDP values for grid cells are derived using Gridded Population of the World, Version 3 (GPWv3) data of population distributions. A per capita contribution value is determined within each subnational unit, and this value is multiplied by the population per grid cell. Once a GDP value has been determined on a per grid cell basis, then the regionally variable loss rate as derived from the historical records of EM-DAT is used to determine the total economic loss risks posed to a grid cell by flood hazards. The final surface does not present absolute values of total economic loss, but rather a relative decile (1-10 with increasing risk) ranking of grid cells based upon the calculated economic loss risks. This dataset is the result of collaboration among the Columbia University Center for Hazards and Risk Research (CHRR), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, and Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued over 9 years ago
Summary
Description
ABSTRACT: This data set provides monthly burned area, and monthly, and annual fire emissions data from July 1996 to February 2012. Emissions data are available for carbon (C), dry matter (DM), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), hydrogen (H2), nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), organic carbon (OC), black carbon (BC), particulate matter 2.5 micron (PM2p5), total particulate matter (TPM), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). The C4 fraction of carbon emissions is also provided. The annual C emissions estimates were derived by combining burned area data with a biogeochemical model, CASA-Global Fire Emissions Database (CASA-GFED), that estimates fuel loads and combustion completeness for each monthly time step. The fuel loads were based on satellite derived information on vegetation characteristics and productivity to estimate carbon input and carbon outputs through heterotrophic respiration, herbivory, and fires. Note that while most emissions estimates included data for 32 variables (trace gases, aerosols, and carbon), not all data are available for all years, and not all variables (emission species) are included in each data product.Additional information may be obtained from the Global Fire Data website: http://www.globalfiredata.org/index.html.Data products include:- 0.5 degree x 0.5 degree gridded monthly burned area data (ha) for 1996 to 2012 provided as text files and as GeoTIFF files for 1996 to 2012.- 3-Hourly emssions (fraction) for 2003 to 2010 in NetCDF (.nc) format.- Daily emssions (fraction) for 2003 to 2010, in NetCDF (.nc) format.- Monthly emissions for 32 variables from 1997 to 2011, in text and GeoTIFF format.- Monthly emissions for 31 variables from specific sources (grassland and savanna, woodland, deforestation & degradation, forest, agricultural waste burning, and peat fires), both as absolute and relative emissions. The time period is for 2007 to 2011, and the files are provided in text and GeoTIFF format.- Global emission totals of C and other species from all sources, and from each individual source (forest fires, peat fires, agricultural waste burning, etc).- Annual emissions of carbon and other trace gases for all countries, for the period 1997 to 2010, provided as text files. These files are for indicative use only; they are not suitable for official reporting due to large uncertainties and potential for missing key regional aspects in the global approach used.- Ancillary data for monthly biosphere fluxes. The CASA-GFED biosphere flux sources include Net Primary Production (NPP), Heterotrophic respiration (Rh), and fires (biomass burning). These files are for the time period 1997 to 2009 and are provided as text files and in GeoTIFF format.There are 12 compressed (*.zip) files with this data set. The data are in text, NetCDF (.nc), and GeoTIFF (.tiff) formats as described above.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued over 9 years ago
Summary
Description
ABSTRACT: This data set provides estimates of different forms of naturally occurring soil phosphorus (P) including labile inorganic P, organic P, occluded P, secondary mineral P, apatite P, and total P on a global scale at 0.5-degree resolution. The data were assembled from chronosequence information and global spatial databases to develop a map of total soil P and the distribution among mineral bound, labile, organic, occluded, and secondary P forms in soils. Uncertainty was calculated for the different forms. The data set has no explicit temporal component -- data were nominally for the pre-industrial period ca. 1850.The estimated global spatial variation and distribution of different soil P forms presented in this study will be useful for global biogeochemistry models that include P as a limiting element in biological production by providing initial estimates of the available soil P for plant uptake and microbial utilization (Yang et al., 2013).There is one netCDF data file (.nc) with this data set.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued over 9 years ago
Summary
Description
ABSTRACT: Leaf Area Index (LAI) data from the scientific literature, 1932-2000, have been compiled at the ORNL DAAC to support model development and EOS MODIS product validation. Like net primary productivity (NPP), leaf area index (LAI) is a key parameter for global and regional models of biosphere/atmosphere exchange.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued over 9 years ago
Summary
Description
Global Drought Hazard Frequency and Distribution is a 2.5 minute grid based upon the International Research Institute for Climate Prediction's (IRI) Weighted Anomaly of Standardized Precipitation (WASP). Utilizing average monthly precipitation data from 1980 through 2000 at a resolution of 2.5 degrees, WASP assesses the precipitation deficit or surplus over a three month temporal window that is weighted by the magnitude of the seasonal cyclic variation in precipitation. The three months' averages are derived from the precipitation data and the median rainfall for the 21 year period is calculated for each grid cell. Grid cells where the three month running average of precipitation is less than 1 mm per day ae excluded. Drought events are identified when the magnitude of a monthly precipitation deficit is less than or equal to 50 percent of its longterm median value for three or more consecutive months. Grid cells are then divided into 10 classes having an approximately equal number of grid cells. Higher grid cell values denote higher frequencies of drought occurrences. This dataset is the result of collaboration among the Columbia University Center for Hazards and Risk Research (CHRR), Columbia University International Research Institute for Climate Prediction (IRI), and Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued over 9 years ago
Summary
Description
Rooting depths were estimated from a global database of root profiles assembled from the primary literature to study relationships of abiotic and biotic factors associated with belowground vegetation structure. For each root profile, information recorded includes latitude and longitude, elevation, soil texture, depth of organic horizons, type of roots measured (e.g., fine or total, live or dead), sampling methods, units of measurements (root mass, length, number, surface area), and sampling depth.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued over 9 years ago
Summary
Description
The Nitrogen Fertilizer Application dataset of the Global Fertilizer and Manure, Version 1 Data Collection represents the amount of nitrogen fertilizer nutrients applied to croplands. The national-level nitrogen fertilizer application rates for crops are from the International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA) "Fertilizer Use by Crop 2002" statistics database that is available by request from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The number of crop-specific fertilizer application rates reported for each country ranged from 2 crops (Guinea) to over 50 crops (United States), and the years for which the data are reported range from 1994 to 2001. Spatially explicit fertilizer inputs of Nitrogen (N) were computed by fusing national-level statistics on fertilizer use with global maps of harvested area for 175 crops. The data were compiled by Potter et al. (2010) and are distributed by the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued over 9 years ago
Summary
Description
Global Flood Total Economic Loss Risk Deciles is a 2.5 minute grid of global flood total economic loss risks. A process of spatially allocating Gross Domestic Product (GDP) based upon the Sachs et al. (2003) methodology is utilized. First the proportional contributions of subnational units to their respective national GDP are determined using sources of various origins. The contribution rates are then applied to published World Bank Development Indicators to determine a GDP value for the subnational unit. Once the national GDP has been spatially stratified into the smallest administrative units available, GDP values for grid cells are derived using Gridded Population of the World, Version 3 (GPWv3) data of population distributions. A per capita contribution value is determined within each subnational unit, and this value is multiplied by the population per grid cell. Once a GDP value has been determined on a per grid cell basis, then the regionally variable loss rate as derived from the historical records of EM-DAT is used to determine the total economic loss risks posed to a grid cell by flood hazards. The final surface does not present absolute values of total economic loss, but rather a relative decile (1-10 with increasing risk) ranking of grid cells based upon the calculated economic loss risks. This dataset is the result of collaboration among the Columbia University Center for Hazards and Risk Research (CHRR), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, and Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued over 9 years ago
Summary
Description
The World Inventory of Soil Emission Potentials (WISE) database was used to generate a series of uniform data sets of derived soil properties for each of the 106 soil units considered in the Soil Map of the World. These data sets were then used to generate GIS raster image files for the following variables: total available water capacity (mm water per 1 m soil depth); soil organic carbon density (kg C/m**2 for 0-30cm depth range); soil organic carbon density (kg C/m**2 for 0-100cm depth range); soil carbonate carbon density (kg C/m**2 for 0-100cm depth range); soil pH (0-30 cm depth range); and soil pH (30-100 cm depth range).
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued over 9 years ago
Summary
Description
Global Earthquake Total Economic Loss Risk Deciles is a 2.5 minute grid of global earthquake total economic loss risks. A process of spatially allocating Gross Domestic Product (GDP) based upon the Sachs et al. (2003) methodology is utilized. First the proportional contributions of subnational units to their respective national GDP are determined using sources of various origin. The contribution rates are then applied to published World Bank Development Indicators to determine a GDP value for the subnational unit. Once the national GDP has been spatially stratified into the smallest administrative units available, GDP values for grid cells are derived using Gridded Population of the World, Version 3 (GPWv3) data population distributions. A per capita contribution value is determined within each subnational unit, and then this value is multiplied by the population per grid cell. Once a GDP value has been determined on a per grid cell basis, then the regionally variable loss rate as derived from the historical records of EM-DAT is used to determine the total economic loss risks posed to a grid cell by earthquake hazards. The final surface does not present absolute values of total economic loss, but rather a relative decile (1-10 with increasing risk) ranking of grid cells based upon the calculated economic loss risks. This dataset is the result of collaboration among the Columbia University Center for Hazards and Risk Research (CHRR), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, and Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued over 9 years ago
Summary
Description
The Phosphorus in Manure Production dataset of the Global Fertilizer and Manure, Version 1 Data Collection represents the amount of phosphorus manure produced and present on the landscape. The manure production at grid cell level was computed based on livestock population and nutrient excretion rates. The livestock population per grid cell was computed by multiplying the density values from FAO Gridded Livestock of the World by the area of grid cell. Spatially explicit manure produced and present on landscape is derived by combining the number of livestock heads and the nutrient excretion rate. The data were compiled by Potter et al. (2010) and are distributed by the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued over 9 years ago
Summary
Description
Global Earthquake Total Economic Loss Risk Deciles is a 2.5 minute grid of global earthquake total economic loss risks. A process of spatially allocating Gross Domestic Product (GDP) based upon the Sachs et al. (2003) methodology is utilized. First the proportional contributions of subnational units to their respective national GDP are determined using sources of various origin. The contribution rates are then applied to published World Bank Development Indicators to determine a GDP value for the subnational unit. Once the national GDP has been spatially stratified into the smallest administrative units available, GDP values for grid cells are derived using Gridded Population of the World, Version 3 (GPWv3) data population distributions. A per capita contribution value is determined within each subnational unit, and then this value is multiplied by the population per grid cell. Once a GDP value has been determined on a per grid cell basis, then the regionally variable loss rate as derived from the historical records of EM-DAT is used to determine the total economic loss risks posed to a grid cell by earthquake hazards. The final surface does not present absolute values of total economic loss, but rather a relative decile (1-10 with increasing risk) ranking of grid cells based upon the calculated economic loss risks. This dataset is the result of collaboration among the Columbia University Center for Hazards and Risk Research (CHRR), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, and Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued over 9 years ago
Summary
Description
The Nitrogen in Manure Production dataset of the Global Fertilizer and Manure, Version 1 Data Collection represents the amount of nitrogen manure produced and present on the landscape. The manure production at grid cell level was computed based on livestock population and nutrient excretion rates. The livestock population per grid cell was computed by multiplying the density values from FAO Gridded Livestock of the World by the area of grid cell. Spatially explicit manure produced and present on landscape is derived by combining the number of livestock heads and the nutrient excretion rate. The data were compiled by Potter et al. (2010) and are distributed by the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued over 9 years ago
Summary
Description
Global Cyclone Hazard Frequency and Distribution is a 2.5 by 2.5 minute grid based on more than 1,600 storm tracks for the period 1 January 1980 through 31 December 2000 for the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans that were assembled and modeled at UNEP/GRID-Geneva PreView. Windspeeds around storm tracks were modeled using Holland's model (1997) to assess the grid cells likely to have been exposed to high wind levels. Post-modeling, the cells were divided into deciles, 10 classes consisting of approximately equal number of grid cells. The higher the value of the grid cell, the higher the decile ranking and the greater the frequency of the hazard relative to other cells. The dataset is the result of collaboration among the Columbia University Center for Hazards and Risk Research (CHRR), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, United Nations Environment Programme Global Resource Information Database Geneva (UNEP/GRID-Geneva), and Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued over 9 years ago
Summary
Description
Global Drought Proportional Economic Loss Risk Deciles is a 2.5 minute grid of drought hazard economic loss as proportions of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per analytical unit. Estimates of GDP at risk are based on regional economic loss rates derived from historical records of the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT). Loss rates are weighted by the hazard's frequency and distribution. The methodology of Sachs et al. (2003) is followed to determine baseline estimates of GDP per grid cell. To better reflect the confidence surrounding the data and procedures, the range of proportionalities is classified into deciles, 10 class of an approximately equal number of grid cells of increasing risk. This dataset is the result of collaboration among the Columbia University Center for Hazards and Risk Research (CHRR), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, and Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued over 9 years ago
Summary
Description
Global Earthquake Hazard Distribution-Peak Ground Acceleration is a 2.5 by 2.5 minute grid of global earthquake hazards developed using Global Seismic Hazard Program (GSHAP) data that incorporate expert opinion in predicting localities where there exists a 10 percent chance of exceeding a peak ground acceleration (pga) of 2 meters per second per second (approximately one-fifth of surface gravitational acceleration) in a 50 year time span. For the purpose of identifying hazard hotspots, values of 2 meters per second per second and less were excluded from analysis. The resulting range of pga values were classified into deciles, 10 classes of approximately an equal number of grid cells. This dataset is the result of collaboration among the Columbia University Center for Hazards and Risk Research (CHRR) and Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued over 9 years ago
Summary
Description
Global Cyclone Hazard Frequency and Distribution is a 2.5 by 2.5 minute grid based on more than 1,600 storm tracks for the period 1 January 1980 through 31 December 2000 for the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans that were assembled and modeled at UNEP/GRID-Geneva PreView. Windspeeds around storm tracks were modeled using Holland's model (1997) to assess the grid cells likely to have been exposed to high wind levels. Post-modeling, the cells were divided into deciles, 10 classes consisting of approximately equal number of grid cells. The higher the value of the grid cell, the higher the decile ranking and the greater the frequency of the hazard relative to other cells. The dataset is the result of collaboration among the Columbia University Center for Hazards and Risk Research (CHRR), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, United Nations Environment Programme Global Resource Information Database Geneva (UNEP/GRID-Geneva), and Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued over 9 years ago
Summary
Description
Global Drought Total Economic Loss Risk Deciles is a 2.5 by 2.5 minute grid of global drought total economic loss risks. A process of spatially allocating Gross Domestic Product (GDP) based upon the Sachs et al. (2003) methodology is utilized. First the proportional contributions of subnational units to their respective national GDP are determined using sources of various origin. The contribution rates are then applied to published World Bank Development Indicators to determine a GDP value for the subnational unit. Once the national GDP is spatially stratified into the smallest adminstrative units available, GDP values for grid cells are derived using Gridded Population of the World, Version 3 (GPWv3) data of population distributions. A per capita contribution value is determined within each subnational unit, and this value is multiplied by the population per grid cell. Once a GDP value has been determined on a per grid cell basis, then the regionally variable loss rate as derived from the historical records of EM-DAT is used to determine the total economic loss risks posed to a grid cell by drought hazards. The final surface does not present absolute values of total economic loss, but rather a relative decile (1-10 with increasing risk) ranking of grid cells based upon the calculated economic loss risks. This dataset is the result of collaboration among the Columbia University Center for Hazards and Risk Research (CHRR), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, and Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued over 9 years ago
Summary
Description
Global Drought Proportional Economic Loss Risk Deciles is a 2.5 minute grid of drought hazard economic loss as proportions of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per analytical unit. Estimates of GDP at risk are based on regional economic loss rates derived from historical records of the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT). Loss rates are weighted by the hazard's frequency and distribution. The methodology of Sachs et al. (2003) is followed to determine baseline estimates of GDP per grid cell. To better reflect the confidence surrounding the data and procedures, the range of proportionalities is classified into deciles, 10 class of an approximately equal number of grid cells of increasing risk. This dataset is the result of collaboration among the Columbia University Center for Hazards and Risk Research (CHRR), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, and Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued over 9 years ago
Summary
Description
Global Annual PM2.5 Grids from MODIS and MISR Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data sets represent a series of annual average grids (2001-2010) of fine particulate matter (solid particles and liquid droplets) that were derived from MODIS and MISR AOD satellite data. Together the grids provide a continuous surface of concentrations in micrograms per cubic meter of particulate matter of 2.5 micrometers or smaller (PM2.5) for health and environmental research. The satellite AOD retrievals were converted to ground-level concentrations based on a conversion factor developed by researchers at Dalhousie University that accounts for spatial and temporal variations in aerosol properties and vertical structure as derived from a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). The raster grids have a grid cell resolution of 30 arc-minutes (0.5 degree or approximately 50 sq. km at the equator) and cover the world from 70°N to 60°S latitude. The grids were produced by researchers at Battelle Memorial Institute in collaboration with the Center for International Earth Science Information Network/Columbia University under a NASA-ROSES project entitled "Using Satellite Data to Develop Environmental Indicators: An Application of NASA Data Products to Support High Level Decisions for National and International Environmental Protection". Exposure to fine particles is associated with premature death as well as increased morbidity from respiratory and cardiovascular disease, especially in the elderly, young children, and those already suffering from these illnesses. The World Health Organization guideline for PM2.5 average annual exposure is less than or equal to 10.0 micrograms per cubic meter, whereas the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) primary standard is less than or equal to 12.0 micrograms per cubic meter. The EPA primary standards are designed to protect public health with an adequate margin of safety.
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued over 9 years ago
Summary
Description
Global Drought Mortality Risks and Distribution is a 2.5 minute grid of global drought mortality risks. Gridded Population of the World, Version 3 (GPWv3) data provide a baseline estimation of population per grid cell from which to estimate potential mortality risks due to drought hazard. Mortality loss estimates per hazard event are calculated using regional, hazard-specific mortality records of the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) that span the 20 years between 1981 and 2000. Data regarding the frequency and distribution of drought hazard are obtained from the Global Drought Hazard Frequency and Distribution dataset. In order to more accurately reflect the confidence associated with the data and procedures, the potential mortality estimate range is classified into deciles, 10 classes of increasing risk with an approximately equal number of grid cells per class, producing a relative estimate of drought-based mortality risks. This dataset is the result of collaboration among the Columbia University Center for Hazards and Risk Research (CHRR), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, and Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN).
Published By National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Issued over 9 years ago
Summary
Description
ABSTRACT: Rooting depths were estimated from a global database of root profiles assembled from the primary literature to study relationships of abiotic and biotic factors associated with belowground vegetation structure. For each root profile, information recorded includes latitude and longitude, elevation, soil texture, depth of organic horizons, type of roots measured (e.g., fine or total, live or dead), sampling methods, units of measurements (root mass, length, number, surface area), and sampling depth.