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The Mammals of the Americas Original Grids of the Gridded Species Distribution, Version 1 are converted 1- kilometer grid cell data in the Geographic Coordinate System (GCS) that cover North America, South America and the Caribbean Islands. The input vector data were created by a consortium led by Natureserve. The grids are produced by the Columbia University Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN). (Suggested Usage: To provide a gridded version of existing vector maps of mammal species distribution at 1- kilometer spatial resolution, which in turn can be used in modeling efforts, wildlife conservation planning, natural resource management, policy-making, biodiversity studies and human-environment interactions.)

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The TIGER/Line Files are shapefiles and related database files (.dbf) that are an extract of selected geographic and cartographic information from the U.S. Census Bureau's Master Address File / Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Database (MTDB). The purpose of this file is to provide the geography for the 2010 Census Blocks along with their 2010 housing unit count and population. Census Blocks are statistical areas bounded on all sides by visible features, such as streets, roads, streams, and railroad tracks, and/or by nonvisible boundaries such as city, town, township, and county limits, and short line-of-sight extensions of streets and roads. Blocks are the smallest geographic areas for which the Census Bureau publishes data from the decennial census. A block may consist of one or more faces.

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This report summarizes the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey for southern Saskatchewan during 1965. The primary purpose of the survey is to provide information on spring population size and trajectory for certain North American duck species. Survey methods, habitat and weather conditions, breeding population indices, and tables of population estimates are provided.

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Advanced Technologies Group, Inc. proposes the development of a Methane Liquid-Level Sensor, (MLS) for In-Space cryogenic storage capable of continuous monitoring of liquid quantities to better than 1% accuracy. The proposed sensor builds on previous liquid hydrogen sensor development successes and patents. It can be utilized to measure cryogenic propellants, and sub-critical cryogenic fluids in use on a wide range of space applications and in ground applications to monitor fluids ranging from liquid methane to MMH and N2O4. The MLS can also indicate the presence of contaminants such as nitrogen used to purge the system. The current methods use either wire resistance measurements, capacitance or point sensors, combined with pressure and temperature measurements. The MLS will be lighter, require less energy to operate, and provide less heat leak than existing technologies. Current techniques will not function correctly in boiling or stratified liquid cryogens or in reduced gravity. During phase I, Proof-of Concept experiments will be performed with liquid methane. Commercial applications in the Power/fuel industry have been identified.

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IT Configuration Management: This helpdesk software is a COTS product. FMCSA utilizes the client server option.

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In 1999, the USGS, in partnership with the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, began a study to investigate processes affecting shoreline change along the northern coast of South Carolina, focusing on the Grand Strand region. Previous work along the U.S. Atlantic coast shows that the structure and composition of older geologic strata located seaward of the coast heavily influences the coastal behavior of areas with limited sediment supply, such as the Grand Strand. By defining this geologic framework and identifying the transport pathways and sinks of sediment, geoscientists are developing conceptual models of the present-day physical processes shaping the South Carolina coast. The primary objectives of this research effort are: 1) to provide a regional synthesis of the shallow geologic framework underlying the coastal upland, shoreface and inner continental shelf, and define its role in coastal evolution and modern beach behavior; 2) to identify and model the physical processes affecting coastal ocean circulation and sediment transport, and to define their role in shaping the modern shoreline; and 3) to identify sediment sources and transport pathways; leading to construction of a regional sediment budget.

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An investigation was made into chemical contamination at 26 National Wildlife Refuges in the Lower Mississippi River Ecosystem. Samples of water, sediment, and fish were collected, and passive sampling devices that accumulate persistent organic chemicals were deployed. Residues of currentuse pesticides CUPs, organochlorine pesticides OCPs, polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs, and mercury Hg were measured along with limited toxicity testing and exposure biomarkers. Organochlorine pesticides were detected at every refuge, and total DDT and toxaphene exceed published levels for the protection of fish or wildlife at nearly half the refuges. Currentuse pesticides were detected at every refuge, but at only onehalf the frequency as nearby offrefuge areas. Mixtures of multiple pesticides were often detected and their detection frequency was clearly associated with their use and persistence. About 25 of the refuges contained pesticides at concentrations exceeding aquaticlife criteria and over 65 ofthe offrefuge sites exceeded criteria. Concentrations of PCBs were low throughout the region, with no evidence of potential for adverse biological effects. Concentrations of PAHs were low throughout the region, except near oil and gas production facilities were very high concentrations caused I 00 mortality in sediment pore water toxicity tests. Concentrations of Hg in sediment and fish were generally below levels of concern. Overall, there was strong evidence that over onehalf of the refuges are experiencing meaningful adverse biological effects from chemical contamination.

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Between 1998 and 2003, Hi-Z Technology developed and built a 40 mW radioisotope power supply (RPS) that used a 1 watt radioisotope heater unit (RHU) as the energy source. This RPS represented a continuation of 30 years of development that began in the Thermoelectrics Division of General Atomics in the 1960's. This system is the most efficient of its size to this day, and has been validated by extensive life testing. We now propose to devise improvements to the design giving it increased resistance to mechanical shock. In the Phase I we will conduct simulations to inform a trade study examining multiple options of up to 10,000 G of shock tolerance and up to 40 mW of output power. We will also build TEM modules for destructive testing to measure mechanical properties. In Phase II, we will fabricate prototypes that use electric heaters and weights to simulate an RHU. These will be subjected to shock testing at NASA Ames. After iterations of design, build and test, we will present a new RPS design that offers valuable new mission capabilities to the space program.

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A new multidisciplinary software environment ('MUSE') will be developed for the simulation of flight vehicles, drawing on the results of recent research on very fast algorithms, performed at Stanford University under Professor Antony Jameson's guidance. This new technology will be merged with Intelligent Aerodynamics' finite element methology implemented in the product FASTPLANE. This code, which uses multigrid acceleration techniques and is fully parallelized, can already perform^Msteady-state simulations of complete aircraft in less than 5 minutes on a 16 processor Beowulf cluster. The synergy resulting from the technology transfer will lead to a new level of capability for the simulation of both steady and unsteady flows, thus providing the platform needed to couple additional disciplines into an advanced multidisciplinary tool for aero-structural and thermal analysis. It can also provide the platform for a new generation of design-optimization software using the adjoint methodology developed by Antony Jameson and his collaborators during the last decade. Moreover, with further advances in the performance of computer hardware that can be anticipated, real time simulation of flight vehicles should in the future be feasible with this new software. This would provide a powerful new tool to support flight-testing.

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Nimbus Image Dissection Camera System Visible Imagery L1, HDF5

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The Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) project is considering several approaches to discovering planets orbiting stars far from earth and assessing their suitability to support life. One approach is based on a coronagraph design operating in the visible wavelength regime, which requires both very high surface quality, large aperture, telescope optics and advanced optical systems to reject direct, scattered, and diffracted starlight that is on the order of 1x109 brighter than the light reflected from the planet. The project has the need for advanced optical modeling and design tools that include physical optical calculations to support propagation results at a contrast level of 1x10-11 at the image plane of the coronagraph. The CODE V software is the most advanced software available for a wide variety of optical system modeling tasks and would be ideally suited for the TPF project once the proposed capabilities are integrated. Optical Research Associates proposes to extend capabilities of a proprietary method for beam propagation to support the optical modeling needs of the TPF coronagraph project. The result will be an optical design and analysis tool, available to only current CODE V product licensees, that provides another means for predicting the performance of this astronomical asset.

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This annual work plan for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wildlife Refuge System, Region 5, Inventory and Monitoring Program IM outlines the implementation of the National Wildlife Refuge System program at the regional and field station level during fiscal year 2011. The purpose of the National Wildlife Refuge System IM Program is to collect and synthesize information which supports management at multiple geographic scales and informs decisions at all organizational levels. This document discusses the following; present vision and objectives for regional inventory and monitoring initiative, staffing, and planned activities and anticipated products.

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This report investigates the effects of burning and mowing on the grassland breeding bird community of Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge in central Iowa. Two regions on the refuge were studied in this report Area A and Area B, each of which were treated with identical plantings. Area A had not been burned, and one region of it was mowed in the spring. Area B had not been mowed, and one region of it was burned in the spring before bird censusing. Many of the avian species present in area A preferred the unmowed region to the mowed region. Of the species present in Area B, the Dickcissel preferred the burned region. The two unmowed, unburned regions in area A and B show significant differences in abundance in five of thirteen species.

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Contains the hydraulic properties of the soil at each tower flux site determined by the HYD-01 science team.

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We propose a dual objective innovation that has valuable NASA applicability and tremendous commercial potential. The first innovation is the structure determination of osteoporosis, immune system diseases, and radiation damage repair proteins utilizing proprietary neural network based algorithms. The long-term results from this innovation could provide effective medical countermeasures for bone loss, immune system compromise and harmful radiation effects seen in astronauts upon long-duration space missions. The second innovation is a commercial grade multipurpose neural network based informatics system configurable for automated, real-time sensory data input and automatic correlation identification applicable to autonomous astronaut health monitoring and environmental correlation. This innovation also has significant commercial applications in the health care industries as a hospital wide health monitoring and environmental correlation system.

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<p> This project is involved with transferring information through the vast distances of space. The challenge is that it is difficult to get many photons from a transmitter on Earth to a distant satellite or vice versa. Therefore, one wants to be able to store and transmit as many bits of information as possible on each individual photon. This is the eventual goal of this project. In order to achieve this the team will be looking at what benefits can be obtained by using pairs of photons that are “entangled” with each other. Entanglement is the quintessential quantum mechanical phenomenon that describes the bizarre correlations that can exist between two quantum systems that have interacted with each other at some point in the past. The simplest example would be two coins, each of which are equally likely to give heads or tails when flipped, but somehow both always give the same result when flipped. And in reality, quantum entanglement is even a bit weirder than that. In any event, using entanglement may enable faithful transmission of more information per photon than conventional means; the goal is to demonstrate that, and see what the limits are.</p>

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This narrative report for Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge summarizes Refuge activities from September through December of 1960. The report begins with a summary of the weather, water, and habitat conditions during the period. Wildlife including migratory birds, upland game birds, big game animals, fur animals, predacious birds, fish, and reptiles is also covered. The report includes a Refuge development and maintenance section which discusses physical developments and control of vegetation. Resource management is outlined; topics include timber removal and concessions. A progress report on field investigations and applied research is also provided. The public relations section of the report discusses recreational uses, Refuge visitors, Refuge participation, and violations. Items of interest, NR forms, and photographs are provided at the end of the report.

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This document provides guidelines on entering SLAMM reports into ServCat. A brief overview of SLAMM reports is provided, followed by a template for metadata entry.

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In this project, KWJ proposes to develop a low power, fast response, lightweight miniature CH4 measurement system based on KWJ nano-TCD sensor for airborne measurement operation. KWJ has developed patented sub-µm dimension TCDs, with ultra low power consumption (<10µW), <1µsec response time, very high stability (>10^9 measurements without re-calibration), and coupling with simple electronic circuits and algorithms. In Phase I, KWJ will fabricate nano-TCD CH4 sensor, improve the sensitivity such that 5ppm accuracy will be obtained, and characterize the sensor on a bench-top testing system to demonstrate CH4 detection with all target specifications. In Phase II, the prototype sensing system (1cmx1cm, 10g package) will be built and integrated with NASA UAVs for field testing. The proposed sensor will be ideal for airborne gas surveys. This sensor is part of a broader effort to develop smaller, faster, lower power and more cost effective alternative sensors for a wide range of applications. This platform will advance not only the research fields of atmospheric research, climate change, global change biology, and ecology, but for NASA's future spacecraft programs as well as KWJ's own terrestrial-industrial applications. This work has synergy within NASA and can collaborate with ongoing NASA SiC sensor developments in Phase II.

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This document contains test results from a study done to determine the organochlorine levels in the livers of whitefaced ibis from Stillwater Wildlife Management Area.

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This report addresses the procedures used to obtain sediment data, how they analyzed the data, and the potential restoration alternatives for Lake Andes. The purpose of this report is to present sediment survey information on the south unit of Lake Andes. This information was acquired between the dates of February 1 and 25, 1993. This survey was initiated as part of the Lake Assessment Project in order to assess the current distribution of the sediment, water depth variation, and lake volumetric calculations for sediment and water.

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Orthophotos combine the image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map. The primary digital orthophotoquad (DOQ) is a 1-meter ground resolution, quarter-quadrangle (3.75-minutes of latitude by 3.75-minutes of longitude) image cast on the Universal Transverse Mercator Projection (UTM) on the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83).The geographic extent of the DOQ is equivalent to a quarter-quad plus The overedge ranges a minimum of 50 meters to a maximum of 300 meters beyond the extremes of the primary and secondary corner points. The overedge is included to facilitate tonal matching for mosaicking and for the placement of the NAD83 and secondary datum corner ticks. The normal orientation of data is by lines (rows) and samples (columns). Each line contains a series of pixels ordered from west to east with the order of the lines from north to south. The standard, archived digital orthophoto is formatted as four ASCII header records, followed by a series of 8-bit binary image data records. The radiometric image brightness values are stored as 256 gray levels ranging from 0 to 255. The metadata provided in the digital orthophoto contain a wide range of descriptive information including format source information, production instrumentation and dates, and data to assist with displaying and georeferencing the image. The standard distribution format of DOQs will be JPEG compressed images on CD-ROM by counties or special regions. The reconstituted image from the CD-ROM will exhibit some radiometric differences when compared to its uncompressed original but will retain the geometry of the uncompressed DOQ. Uncompressed DOQs are distributed on tape.

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Developing a quiet fan for Environmental Control and Life Support systems to enhance the livable environment within the spacecraft has been a challenge. A Foil Gas Bearing Supported Fan is proposed which will be quiet, efficient, reliable, contamination free, compact, and lightweight. In Phase I a set of foil gas bearings necessary to prove out the feasibility of the program will be manufactured and tested. In Phase II a complete prototype fan will be manufactured and tested incorporating the technology proved out in Phase I. In Phase III the developed fan will be system tested for airworthiness.

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<p>NASA plans to build a lab bench operational system capable of tracking the position and orientation of small satellites as well as producing forces and torques on them. The goal is to be able to direct a satellite to move to various positions and orientations and then see how well it can accomplish this. The position resolution achieved is a major goal of the project.</p><p>We have previously demonstrated one directional forces and single torques to a satellite. We analyzed this and published a technique to extend it to more dimensions. This project began on May 1st 2014. As results are developed more information will be provided to this site.</p>

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ABSTRACT: The original objectives of the long-term vegetation survey of Walker Branch Watershed in eastern Tennessee (WBW; Curlin and Nelson 1968) was to quantify the standing crop of vegetation through time including measures of tree/plant size distribution, species composition, above-ground biomass, and chemical balance. Field studies of permanent vegetation plots using one sample design were conducted over a 30-year period (1967 to 1997), and observations continue with funding from the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Ecosystem Research. This data set consists of long-term measurements of diameter at breast height (DBH) determined on randomly located permanent inventory plots within the 4 different vegetation types located on WBW in 1967. In addition, the lignin to nitrogen content in leaves (g lignin / g N of leaf tissue) for species present in WBW was obtained from the literature. More information can be found at: http://walkerbranch.ornl.gov/. Funding for long-term data collection efforts on Walker Branch was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER), as a part of the Program for Ecosystem Research (PER).