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The National Center for Computational Toxicology provides fast, automated chemical screening for assessing exposure, hazard and risk by applying mathematical and computer models and molecular biological approaches.

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The National Homeland Security Research Center advances our nation's security by providing scientific products and expertise to improve the ability to respond to and recover from envirtonmental contamination caused by terrorist attacks.

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UHF SATCOM Program Description: JITC has a mission requirement to support the directives of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction (CJCSI 6251.01), which mandates that JITC certify/assess Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Satellite Communications (SATCOM) terminals and UHF SATCOM channel controllers to conform to all UHF SATCOM waveform requirements contained within the UHF SATCOM Military Standards, MIL-STD-188-181/182/183/184/185/186 series, to include all MIL-STD revisions, MIL-STD change notices, draft MIL-STD revisions, draft MIL-STD change notices, applicable UHF SATCOM Waveform interface requirement documents, and future UHF SATCOM MIL-STDs under development. The UHF SATCOM Waveforms are: Legacy Demand Assigned Multiple Access (DAMA), Integrated Waveform (IW) Phase 1, IW Phase 2, Common Interactive Broadcast (CIB) Waveform, Legacy DAMA and IW Data Controller Waveform, Legacy DAMA Channel Controller Waveform, and IW Channel Controller Waveform. JITC has established and maintains UHF SATCOM Certification Test Services to support the directives of the CJCSI 6251.01. Upon completion of successful testing of a SATCOM Terminal configuration, JITC issues a Standard Conformance Test (SCT) or Waveform Conformance Test (WCT) Certification letter. If the UHF SATCOM system, channel controller or data controller fails to meet all MIL-STD and waveform requirements, JITC issues a SCT or WCT Assessment letter. These certification and assessment letters are referenced by the Joint Staff (JS), with delegated support from the US Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) and Army Forces Strategic Command (ARSTRAT), to determine eligibility of UHF SATCOM terminals for live access to the UHF satellite constellation and network.

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This laboratory is a specially constructed facility with elevated (37 feet) ceilings and an overhead catwalk, and which is dedicated to research efforts in reducing fall-related injuries, as well as in improving the safety of large equipment used in industrial, construction, and agricultural applications. Overall dimensions of the laboratory are 30 by 36 by 37 feet, which are necessary for accommodating such research efforts as studies of scaffolding systems, ladder stability, tension/compression testing of fabricated protective structures using hydraulic ram pressure, and access/egress safety for construction equipment. Test equipment in the High Bay Laboratory includes a 5- ton bridge crane, a test bed, hydraulic power supply and actuator system, and a research manikin. The test bed, which is used for securing equipment in place for testing, measures 10 by 15 feet and is 7 inches thick, and is composed of four sections that can be positioned by the overhead crane. T-slots in the bed surface provide anchors for the equipment under test. The hydraulic power system features a 10 g.p.m. pump and two 22,000 lb. actuators. The actuators can be fully controlled through a personal computer to produce loadings, deflections, or vibrations of desired amplitude and frequency. This lab is also equipped with an advanced research manikin. The manikin was developed in response to the knowledge gained from the U.S. Air Force's tests of biomechanical effects of acceleration forces on aircrews under high-stress conditions such as aircraft ejection. This manikin is known as ADAM, for advanced dynamic anthropomorphic manikin, and is representative of a 95th percentile Air Force male. This research manikin was designed with a high degree of biodynamic fidelity to the human body under conditions of rapid acceleration and deceleration, such as would be experienced in an aircraft crash or fall incident. The manikin has body segments which approximate that of the human body, articulated limbs with a range of motion that also approximates that of the body, and a spinal system that was designed to replicate the human spine's elasticity along the z axis. The manikin contains a sophisticated and ruggedized onboard data acquisition system and all joints contain sensors. Internal instrumentation includes three triaxial accelerometers, located in the head, the neck, and the chest, and two internal load cells located in the spine. Finally, there are position sensors mounted in the knees, elbows, and shoulders. This equipment has been used in a series of tests on the biodynamic forces that protective equipment and the human body would experience during free-fall and rapid deceleration while wearing fall-restraint equipment.

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Research Area: Dietary Supplements, Herbs, Antioxidants Program:Centers for Dietary Supplements Research: Botanicals Description:This center will look at safety and efficacy of botanical dietary supplements (e.g., elderberry, garlic). The center's main emphasis will be on interactions among five pathways. Signaling pathways describe a group of molecules in a cell that work together to control one or more cell functions. After the first molecule in a pathway receives a signal, it activates another molecule. This process is repeated until the last molecule is activated and the cell function involved is carried out. The function can be normal or abnormal. The primary focus being antioxidant signaling and how it relates to other pathways and mechanisms of action in preventing prostate cancer and deterioration of nerve function, as well as in improving resistance to infectiousdiseases.

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The Work Zone Data Collection Trailer was designed and constructed to enhance data collection and analysis capabilities for the "Evaluating Roadway Construction Work Zone Interventions" project, which is evaluating interventions that are intended to prevent ground workers from being struck by construction equipment. Research conducted: The Work Zone Data Collection Trailer primarily serves as the operational platform for video footage that is recorded as part of the "Evaluating Roadway Construction Work Zone Interventions" project data collection activities. The trailer, powered by a five kilowatt gas generator, is setup alongside active paving operations that are participating in this project. The trailer is equipped with two pan/tilt/zoom cameras positioned on a mast capable of being raised 58 feet. A joystick located inside the trailer controls both of the mast-mounted cameras, allowing for simultaneous views from multiple angles. The trailer is also equipped with three desktop computers that are networked together by a local area network (LAN). All three computers are capable of accessing the internet via the broadband satellite internet connection. Two of the computers control two wireless video cameras that are mounted on separate portable trailers. Through a video splitter, a four-way split image of all video inputs is displayed on one monitor. This video image, in addition to the four independent video inputs, is recorded by VHS video cassette recorders. Time code generators embed a global positioning system (GPS) time code onto all video images. To date, the trailer has been used in seven pilot sites and eight research sites. The trailer is currently located on the ninth of sixteen scheduled research sites. The study sites have been located in North Carolina, South Carolina, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Indiana, and Idaho. Research equipment: Spectra Mast Camera System - Two pan/tilt/zoom cameras located on top of a telescoping mast that is mounted on the trailer. The cameras are remotely controlled from within the trailer to record video footage of the work site. This video footage can then be analyzed at a later time. Portable Trailer Mounted Camera System - Two pan/tilt/zoom cameras located on masts that are mounted on two separate portable trailers. These two cameras are controlled wirelessly from the Work Zone Data Collection Trailer to record video footage of the work site. This video footage can then be analyzed at a later time. Desktop Personal Computer (PC) - Three desktop PCs are located in the trailer. Two wirelessly control the two portable trailer mounted camera systems. One controls the internet connection via the satellite. All three are on a local area network (LAN) for information sharing capability. Broadband Satellite Internet - Provides the PCs within the trailer with broadband internet access.

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DCCI, a computer company, receives an order from a business customer in Saginaw, Mich., via its Web site. The order is instantly visible to everyone in the supply chain. The order automatically triggers a search of DCCI's own component databases to fill the order, while simultaneously searching the component databases of its network of suppliers in Japan and Belgium. Based on these results, the assembly of the order is scheduled and the delivery date is determined. The customer receives an e-mail providing a shipping date and a tracking number to trace the real-time progress of the order. The entire process is accomplished before you can count to three. This is netcentricity - the power of digital networks to distribute information instantly and without borders. Characterized by global connectivity, real-time collaboration and rapid and continuous information exchange, netcentricity is a ubiquitous force reshaping every facet of our markets, organizational cultures, and personal lives at the dawn of the twenty-first century. A unique laboratory for Digital business Because of its enormous transforming power and pervasiveness, the netcentric revolution cannot be understood or influenced by any single element in isolation. A multi-disciplinary approach is required to address and study its comprehensive and inter-related dimensions. Under the auspices of its Netcentric Research Initiative, the Robert H. Smith School of Business has created the Netcentricity Laboratory. This advanced teaching, research, and corporate resource brings together leading scholars and practitioners to study netcentricity as an evolving competitive force of the Internet economy. As the first academic center to be a partner in Sun Microsystems' world-wide iForce Initiative, the lab provides the technology, the expertise and the intellectual leadership for applying digital networks to business, organizations, and the economy. The second component of the lab, the Financial Markets Laboratory, opened in Fall 2001. This lab is now used as a research lab and a new teaching lab opened in Fall 2002 in Van Munching Hall's new wing, along with the new Netcentric Supply Chain Lab. The Behavioral Laboratory, the third component, opened in spring 2003.

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Treated non-hazardous and non-radioactive liquid wastes are collected and then disposed of through the systems at the Treated Effluent Disposal Facility (TEDF). More than twelve miles of polyvinyl chloride piping connects facilities throughout the Site to TEDF's state permitted disposal basin in the 200 East Area of Hanford. TEDF has the ability to collect and safely dispose of nearly 2 billion gallons of liquid per year in accordance with its state discharge permit.

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The world's second full-scale nuclear reactor was the D Reactor at Hanford which was built in the early 1940's and went operational in December of 1944.D Reactor ran through June of 1967, and was ultimately cocooned in 2004. D Reactor is unique in a couple of ways.First, the reactor's Control Room is the property of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. and has occasionally been part of an exhibit and placed on display at the museum.Second, the D Reactor's early days of operation weren't as smooth as operators would have liked. It appears that in the late 1940's, after the D Reactor had only been operational for a few years, scientists detected a problem with the reactor operations.They were so concerned that D would fail that they built another reactor, called the DR Reactor, right next door.Second, the D Reactor's early days of operation weren't as smooth as operators would have liked. By October of 1950, DR (which stands for D-Replacement) Reactor went on line as the fifth plutonium production reactor at Hanford. At about the same time, the problems associated with the D Reactor were solved, and both D and DR Reactors ran side by side into the mid-1960's when they were shut down.Since then, both reactors have been cocooned (DR in 2002, D in 2004).D Reactor was one of the Site's longest serving facilities with twenty-two years of service, while DR was the reactor that was on line for the shortest amount of time, only fourteen years.

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Hammond Bay Biological Station (HBBS), located near Millersburg, Michigan, is a field station of the USGS Great Lakes Science Center (GLSC). HBBS was established by congressional action in 1950 under initial supervision by the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. HBBS has subsequently been supervised by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife (1970) and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (1971), finally joining the GLSC in 1974, which transferred to the USGS in 1996. The facility was built in 1879 and served as a U.S. Coast Guard station until World War II, during which the facility was abandoned. With the growing threat to Great Lakes fisheries caused by sea lamprey invasion, the facility was converted into a biological station. Since then, the primary mission of HBBS, to develop control measures for sea lamprey, has been pursued with great success. Research In cooperation with the Great Lakes Fishery Commission, HBBS is one of the leading research facilities in the Great Lakes for invasive species control and native fish restoration. Station research focuses primarily on the sea lamprey, a fish species that invaded the Great Lakes in the 1800s and subsequently devastated many native fish populations, particularly lake trout. HBBS scientists study all stages of the sea lamprey life cycle, including the larval stage that burrows into stream bottoms, the metamorphosing stage that migrates downstream to lakes, the juvenile stage that feeds on host fishes, and the adult stage that migrates upstream to spawn. HBBS scientists are responsible for major developments in sea lamprey control, such as designing barriers to migration, discovering selective chemical toxicants (lampricides), and developing alternative (nonlampricide) control technologies. HBBS scientists also undertake cutting-edge research on sea lamprey biology and ecology of other fish populations, such as lake trout, walleye, whitefish, Chinook salmon, and lake sturgeon. HBBS researchers are currently studying new technologies to improve sea lamprey control, fishery management, and native fish restoration. Researchers are testing sea lamprey odorants (pheromones) for disrupting natural migration andreproduction, and for luring sea lampreys into traps. Researchers are also testing sea lamprey alarm odorants (repellents) for diverting lampreys away from favorable spawning habitats, and toward poor habitats or better trapping locations. Sea lamprey behavior is also being studied to improve accuracy of population size estimation and to develop new trapping technologies, including electrical systems to guide metamorphosing and adult lampreys into collection traps and fish wheels on large rivers. Station researchers also use advanced telemetry technology to track fish movements, including sea lamprey migration through the St. Marys and Cheboygan Rivers, lake trout spawning behavior in northern Lake Huron, and walleye movement in the Great Lakes. The expertise and diverse research programs at HBBS are continuing a tradition of delivering important advancements in Great Lakes fish ecology and management. Facilities & Vessels HBBS is located on a 60 acre property along Lake Huron. Facilities include newly renovated offices, wet and dry labs, two workshops, and several buildings for storage and housing boats. The station is able to pump more than one million gallons of Lake Huron water per day for holding fish for extended periods. Multiple on-site artificial channels provide controlled experimental settings for fish behavioral studies and nearby streams provide natural experimental environments. The station is equipped to conduct tests of various environmental parameters on toxicity of lampricides to sea lamprey and other fishes. HBBS operates four small vessels that allow research to be conducted over a wide range of environments and conditions. The Sea Ark is a 25 ft aluminum roustabout with a front deck, electric winch, and heated cabin. The Parker is a 25 ft fiberglass v-hull with a large cabin and rear deck. Both vessels are equipped with twin 175 hp outboard engines, GPS, and radar navigation. The vessels are well-suited for Great Lakes and large river research. Two skiffs also provide access to rivers, bays, and inland lakes.

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The Laboratory for Computational Cultural Dynamics (LCCD) is a multidisciplinary research laboratory housed in the University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies (UMIACS). The lab focuses on the development of algorithms to automatically track open source information related to terror groups, tribes, and socio-cultural-political entities, automated tools to learn models of the behaviors of such groups from both automatically gathered data and specialized hand-coded data, algorithms to support different kinds of behavioral analytics (including forecasting, what-if reasoning, policy formulation) and computational environments that allow human decision makers to leverage both their own expertise and the data and algorithms developed at LCCD to best support their mission. In order to address this formidable task, LCCD consists of a mix of computer scientists, social scientists and policy makers associated with the University of Maryland, country or regional experts, as well as partners from a number of companies, government organizations and other institutions.

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The West Desert Test Center's (WDTC) unique facilities and experienced staff of scientists, test officers, engineers, and technicians provide a full range of chemical and biological testing services, including the development of one-of-a-kind test capabilities, to meet customer requirements for new or developmental products. Test officers are the primary customer point-of-contact and have overall responsibility for test planning, scheduling, financial management, implementation, and reporting of results. The test officer assembles a cross-functional team for each test project to tap the synergy of scientific and technical experts from multiple WDTC divisions. Chemical Testing Overview Dugway Proving Ground (DPG) is the Army's first choice for test and evaluation (T&E) of chemical defense equipment and systems while providing technical expertise to combat emerging chemical threats DPG chemical test programs are divided in the following commodity areas: Individual Protection Equipment (IPE) Collective Protection Equipment (ColPro) Contamination Avoidance Decontamination Testing Methodology Development Survivability Studies Biological Testing Overview DPG is at the forefront in support of key initiatives to protect Soldiers and civilians from biological threats. DPG's Life Sciences Test Facility (LSTF) is the only DoD facility certified to test developmental equipment and systems with aerosolized BSL-3 agents, such as viruses, bacteria, and biological toxins. Biological testing capabilities include the following: Biological point and standoff detector T&E Whole Systems Live Agent Testing (WSLAT) Bioaerosol challenges with live agent and simulants up to BSL-3 Microbiological assays and high-capacity analysis Production of bacteria, viruses, biological select agents and toxins Methodology development Decontamination assessments Munitions, Smoke & Obscurants Testing Overview Munitions testing within the vast terrain at DPG dates back to World War II, and the test center continues to operate and maintain munitions test sites, firing ranges, and bunkers to test and evaluate modern artillery munitions, mortars, mines, insensitive munitions, homemade explosives, and improvised explosive devices. Munitions testing capabilities include: Firing tests Environmental tests in accordance with MIL-STD-810G Munitions recovery and disposal Non-destructive testing and x-ray As military operations and obscurant technologies continue to change in the 21st century, DPG is primed to be the center of cutting-edge obscurant test programs. Smoke and Obscurants testing capabilities include: Smoke and obscurant developmental tests, including environmental testing Operational testing Effects of smoke and battlefield interferents on chemical and biological detection systems Effects of smoke and interferents on air filtration systems Provide visual confirmation of airflow mapping tests and smoke/obscurant modeling

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The Tri-Service Center for Oral Health Studies (TSCOHS), a service of the Postgraduate Dental College, is chartered by the Department of Defense TRICARE Management Activity (TMA) to provide research and data collection services relating to the provision of dental care to all beneficiaries in the Department of Defense. The Center provides consultative services to students and other faculty in the Uniformed Services University regarding oral health research topics, general dental and oral health subjects, and data sources relating to dental care in the military.

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DMEA has a unique total dose testing laboratory accredited by the American Association for Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA). The lab's two J.L. Shepherd model 81-22/484 self-shielded irradiators are used to determine the effects of gamma radiation on microelectronics and photonics components and systems. Both irradiators have dedicated data acquisition computers, optics tables, and measurement equipment for performing a wide variety of influx or step-stressed experiments. Testing is performed in compliance with ASTM F1892 and E1614, MIL-STD-883 Test Method 1019, MIL-STD-750 Test Method 1019, IEEE 1156.4, and EIA/TIA FOTP-64. DMEA provides irradiation test services to the Department of Defense, other government agencies, research laboratories, universities, and industry. DMEA's gamma irradiation facility is unique: Largest exposure tunnelsof any self-contained gamma irradiator in the world High stability, large volume synergistic effects testingcapability Vast array of on-site microelectronic and photonic testing capabilities ±5% NIST-traceable dosimetry. A2LA-accredited against ISO/IEC 17025 Dose Rates DMEA's high dose irradiatoris one-of-a-kind. Dose rates are available upon request. The low dose irradiatorprovides dose rates compatible with Extended Low Dose Rate Sensitivity (ELDRS) levels. Specific dose rates can be provided upon request. Exposure Tunnels: Both high dose and low dose irradiators have unique 484 exposure tunnels measuring 41 cm (16 inches) W by 41 cm (16 inches) H by 102 cm (40 inches) D. These tunnels are the largest 484 tunnels in the world. They can accommodate unusually large test articles as well as DMEA's Dewar Temperature Systems. Synergistic Effects Testing Capabilities: DMEA's irradiation test facility has two Dewar Temperature System chambers, DTS I and DTS II, which can be placed within the high dose irradiator to perform synergistic testing with the combined environments of radiation and temperature, humidity, and/or vacuum. These high-stability environmental chambers contain a cylinder [21 cm (8.3-inch) inner diameter, 28 cm (11-inch) deep] for placing the test article; it is by far the largest available in the U.S. for use within self-contained irradiators. The chambers are fitted with feed-through ports that allow test articles to be externally powered and/or monitored during testing. Microelectronic and Photonic Testing Capabilities: The irradiation facility provides an ideal environment for testing microelectronic parts and boards. It was also designed to accommodate the unique requirements of photonic component testing. Both J.L. Shepherd model 81-22/484 self-shielded irradiators have dedicated data acquisition computers and optics tables for performing a wide variety of in-flux or step-stressed experiments. Testing can be remotely monitored and controlled from an adjacent area via video cameras and remotely operated data acquisition computers. A dedicated air conditioning system maintains the irradiator room at very stable (± 1 °C) temperature and humidity levels, allowing the most temperature-sensitive test equipment to be used for in-situ testing. An uninterruptable power supply keeps both the irradiators and test equipment operating during power failures. The facility provides ESD protection for sensitive test articles. Dosimetry: Customized ion chamber detectors are used to provide extremely accurate (±5 percent) NIST traceable dosimetry over the entire range of dose rates attainable with the high and low dose irradiators. A screw-driven automatic cart drives test articles to the desired distance from the sources, providing highly accurate and repeatable test article positioning. ASTM-compliant dose enhancement chambers are used for ambient condition tests to filter out lower energy gammas. The DTS chambers were also designed to provide comparable spectral filtering.

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More than 56,000,000 gallons of chemical and nuclear waste is stored in 177 underground storage tanks at the Hanford Site.Ultimately, these wastes will be removed from the tanks and transferred to the Waste Treatment Plant at Hanford where the waste will be turned into a glass-like, stable substance through a process called vitrification. However, removing the waste from these underground storage tanks isn't easy.The tanks were built decades ago and they weren't designed to allow workers to easily access the materials inside.Pumps, ventilation systems, and monitoring equipment were installed in the tanks, but the only way that crews can get at the waste itself is by lowering equipment through pipes extending out of the various tanks.Adding to the challenge is the fact that these risers can be as small as four inches in diameter; the waste itself is extremely caustic and hazardous; some of the waste is in a semi-solid state; and the waste may be located in quadrants of the tank that are hard to get at. Hanford crews designed and built the innovative Cold Test Facility (CTF) to develop ways to remove the waste from the tanks, without having to subject the workers or the equipment to the radioactive environment found in the tanks on the Site.The Cold Test Facility is a full-scale mockup of a single shell storage tank at Hanford, with the height, weight, and riser dimensions exactly the same as they are found on the Site.Workers can simulate the kinds of conditions that would be found inside a tank, while also testing new equipment and technologies which they believe could help remove tank waste that is in difficult-to-reach places or in a semi-solid state. Using the CTF eliminates the trial and error method of removing tank waste at a considerable cost savings.If equipment designed to remove tank waste isn't successful during testing at the Cold Test Facility, then it won't be put into service at a tank at Hanford.By the same token, if a product is developed that works in the testing environment at CTF, it will continue to be evaluated for possible use in the real tanks at the Site. Several new technologies have been designed, developed, and tested successfully at the Cold Test Facility, and have then been utilized in removing tank waste at Hanford.With many tanks to be emptied on the Site, the CTF is expected to continue to provide crews with the opportunity to test new ways to safely remove the waste in the years to come.

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The STEM uses both durability and performance modes to determine the ability of shock absorbers or struts to withstand dynamic stress produced by transient waveforms. A key STEM characteristic, which exemplifies its one-of-a-kind nature, is its ability to achieve a minimum velocity of 5 meters per second at 20,000 lbs. Capabilities: The STEM was engineered to provide ultra-high force performance with accuracy and repeatability. It integrates the ability to provide damping characteristics or perform million-cycle durability tests on current heavy-duty vehicle shock absorbers and struts. STEM uses a sophisticated testing software suite to accommodate static or dynamic specimen side-loading, conduct friction force testing and measure seal friction and gas charge. It can also measure energy absorption mechanism properties for blast seats. Benefits: •  Accepts all forms of dampener systems used in the Army's ground vehicle fleet today. •  Conducts extreme velocity and force tests and evaluations on a fully integrated vehicle corner suspension system. •  Provides a flexible platform designed to accept special testing applications.

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The main objectives of the proposed Center are: 1) to investigate the acute and chronic health effects across life stages of six exposure metrics (short- and long- term exposures to individual pollutants, pollution sources and multi-pollutant mixtures) on: cognitive/neuropsychological function, cardiovascular/endothelial function, inflammation, birth weight/growth, and CVD-related hospitalization/mortality; and 2) to identify susceptibility and vulnerability factors that modify these effects.

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Since 1927, Great Lakes Science Center (GLSC) research has provided critical information for the sound management of Great Lakes fish populations and other important natural resources in the basin. GLSC research focuses on six science themes: deepwater ecosystems, coastal ecosystems, environmental health, invasive species, restoration ecology, and emerging issues. The GLSC is geographically deployed throughout the Great Lakes basin through seven strategically located field stations and five large research vessels. The GLSC uses interdisciplinary teams and approaches to provide the information needed to solve the complex biological issues and natural resource management problems facing the Great Lakes. Working in partnership with resource management agencies, the GLSC provides unbiased scientific information on Great Lakes biological and habitat resources, and determines the effectiveness of resource management and ecological restoration efforts. The Great Lakes states, tribal fishery management authorities, Canadian federal and provincial authorities, and U.S. federal agencies are the GLSC's main partners. The Science Research at the GLSC is organized according to six science themes, which build upon historical and current strengths, and anticipate future concerns and needs: Deepwater ecosystems, involving basinwide netting and hydro-acoustic surveys, with emphasis on sampling preyfish and other lower trophic level biota, and development of ecosystem models that improve our understanding of food web structure and function. Coastal ecosystems, including research spanning the microscopic to landscape that explores the dynamic zone linking watersheds to offshore waters, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and locations where people use, impact, and appreciate the Great Lakes. Environmental health, incorporating monitoring of beach and fish health, evaluation of health risks, mitigation of negative effects of stressors, and development of new methods of monitoring to anticipate emerging threats at the lake and basin levels. Invasive species, focusing on understanding ecosystem impacts through the integration of observational, experimental, and modeling methods that characterize the drivers of invasion, and the development and evaluation of control measures for managers. Restoration ecology, using scientific expertise in species biology, community dynamics, and ecosystem processes torestore habitats altered by human activity, rehabilitate vulnerable species, and promote resilient and sustainable communities. Emerging issues, such as rapid ecological change due to climate effects and species invasions, involving the prioritization of issues, and consideration of how new techniques and technology can change the effectiveness of science.

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The Integrated Circuit Testing Facility is a state-of-the-art laboratory fully equipped to provide the full spectrum of equipment for rapid prototype development, testing and characterization. For troubleshooting and debugging, we have laser device isolation capability, scanning electron and field emission microscopes, and a focused ion beam milling machine. Reverse Engineering: Available documentation related to the original device is thoroughly reviewed. If no documentation for an integrated circuit exists, we take it apart to learn enough about it so that we can reproduce it. Characterization: The integrated circuit is tested electronically to identify its operational characteristics and these are compared with the existing (or derived) documentation for the device. When the device simulation models and the electrical test parameters match, characterization is complete and a design based on a new process can go to fabrication. Design and Validation: Modern computer-aided design (CAD) tools are used to design a replacement device. All newly designed integrated circuits are tested on automatic test equipment (ATE). DMEA can qualify devices to their original design specification. DMEA has the capability to test: Wafers up to 8 inch diameter over full military temperature range Single die Radio frequency (RF) to V-band, including noise parameters, power spectral density, and S-parameters Digital devices up to 500 MHz clock rates Mixed-signal devices Parametric testing Wafer Level Reliability testing Process validation using Silvaco tool suite

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The Biomedical Engineering and Physical Science (BEPS) shared resource supports NIH's intramural basic and clinical scientists on applications of engineering, physics, imaging, measurement and analysis. BEPS is centrally located on the main NIH campus, and provides expertise that spans technologies ranging in scale from near-atomic resolution to intact organisms. Please click on the links below to learn more about BEPS's six Units: Electron Microscopy Unit The Electron Microscopy Unit provides instrumentation, training, and services for: immuno electron microscopy, electron tomography, and specimen preparation, including cryo-techniques. Infrared Imaging and Thermometry Unit The Infrared Imaging and Thermometry Unit provides expertise, instrumentation, and training for: intraoperative and bedside optical imaging of tissue (perfusion, oxygenation, and temperature), passive microwave thermometry, multi-spectral imaging without contrast agents, and remote sensing for clinical research using cellphone technology. Micro Analytical Immunochemistry The Micro Analytical Immunochemistry Unit specializes in micro-immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis, multianalyte QuansysTM ELISA arrays, custom immunoassays for microliter and sub-microliter samples, and characterization of biological molecule interactions using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Microfabrication and Microfluidics The Microfabrication and Microfluidics Unit specializes in: rapid design and fabrication of microfluidic devices from single or multilayer templates, microfabrication in silicon/glass, PDMS, thermoplastics, and agarose, structured surface modification, including micro contact printing, and plasma treatment of PDMS devices for irreversible bonding or for surface activation. Quantitative Methods for Macromolecular Interactions The Quantitative Methods for Macromolecular Interactions (QMMI) Unit specializes in the following: biophysical characterization of individual macromolecules and their interactions, measurement of solution-phase molecular weight, sedimentation coefficients, and translational diffusion coefficients, hydrodynamic radii, and overall asymmetry of macromolecules or their assemblies, establishment of the stoichiometry of complexes, and insight into secondary structure or changes in structure upon ligand binding. Scanning Probe Microscopy Unit The Scanning Probe Microscopy Unit specializes in nanoscale imaging of molecular complexes, lipid bilayers, cells and tissues, molecular recognition, protein unfolding, force spectroscopy, high resolution viscoelastic property mapping, correlated AFM and fluorescence microscopy, and mathematical modeling, image analysis, finite element analysis.

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The NIBIB Section on Biophotonics develops probes and techniques for use in diffraction limited and sub-diffraction limited fluorescence imaging of cells and tissues. Major emphasis is placed on developing new and improving existing genetically encoded fluorescent proteins for use as markers and sensors. Methods and technologies include confocal, TIRF, and widefield microscopies, single molecule imaging, fluorescence spectroscopy, and protein engineering.

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This laboratory incorporates specialized scanning equipment, computer workstations and software applications for the acquisition and analysis of digitized models of the human form, in a 40 by 28 by 9 foot facility. This facility is designed to work closely with the Anthropometry Research Laboratory in the acquisition, manipulation, and analysis of digitized information on human forms produced by scanning human subjects and recording this morphological data as digital information. To date research has focused on digitization of the human hand and the interface between the hand and protective gloves. Research has been conducted in a number of areas, including quantification of proper fit of test subject hand dimensions to glove dimensions, and development of a sizing schema for the National Fire Protection Agency efforts to improve protective gloves for fire fighters.

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Research on fate, and transport of contaminants in soil, sediments, water, and biota; water and waste water treatment; and soil absorption analysis.

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As part of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department and The Institute for System Research, the Neural Systems Laboratory studies the functionality of the mammalian auditory system through several disciplines and techniques ranging from theoretical models to neurophysiological investigations and psychoacoustical experiments.

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The Center for Rehabilitation Sciences Research (CRSR) was established as a research organization to promote successful return to duty and community reintegration of injured service members, particularly those with orthopaedic trauma, limb loss and neurological complications. The goal of CRSR has been to foster innovation, incorporate clinical and technical advances in the rehabilitative care of service members, and disseminate these new discoveries in a highly efficient manner within the military treatment facilities (MTFs). Given the uniqueness of combat-related trauma it remains imperative for CRSR to provide the readiness and resilience research for the Department of Defense (DoD). Headquartered at the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, CRSR has continued to coordinate inter-service research by formulating partnerships with Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, the National Intrepid Center for Excellence, San Diego National Military Medical Center, the Center for the Intrepid at San Antonio Military Medical Center, BALBOA, Portsmouth Naval Medical Center and the Department of Veterans Affairs. These MTFs care for the majority of injured service members returning from military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. To accomplish this objective, CRSR was divided into four primary research focus areas: 1) Identifying Barriers to Successful Integration, 2) Improvements to Pain Management Strategies, 3) Application of New Technologies to Advance Rehabilitation and Performance Measures, and 4) Transfer of New Technology Interventions to Improve Functionality. Each of the research focuses share their results both intra and extramurally to influence the clinical practice of injured service members as well as introduce new research hypotheses. Given CRSR's close ties between academics, research and clinical care, new developments have the ability to make an immediate impact on the care/management of wounded warriors, veterans and the civilian community alike.