Summary

Description

This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II project will research a novel deformable mirror design for NASA adaptive optics telescope applications. The innovation offers reliable mechanics for the strained architecture, thus facilitating dynamic modeling and the overall control of the DM system. A system-level finite element analysis and design optimization, in combination with proof-of-concept experimental verification methods, will be adopted to identify the most promising design for the future adaptive optics telescope systems. Focus will be given to improve the long time reliability and stability of the system while reducing thermal distortions. Phase II objectives are to (1)design and pragmatically build and integrate the monolithically integrated 100x100 Single Crystal Bimorph Array (SCBA) Deformable Mirror (DM) system onto VLSI substrate for VIS/NIR infrared operating range to demonstrate the monolithic proof-of-concept operating of the DM system, and (2) demonstrate a beam shaping system employing the SCBA DM chips to efficiently compensate rapidly changing aberrations and characterize the final integrated corrector system for phase modulation depth, framing speed, operating field of view, influence function, spatial uniformity, and scalability to millions of actuators.

Summary

Description

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

Summary

Description

MBT data were collected from the USCGC VIGILANT in support of the Integrated Global Ocean Services System (IGOSS) project. Data were collected by the US Coast Guard from 02 July 1972 to 17 July 1972. Data were processed by NODC to the NODC standard Universal Bathythermograph Output (UBT) format. Full format description is available from NODC at www.nodc.noaa.gov/General/NODC-Archive/bt.html. The UBT file format is used for temperature-depth profile data obtained using the mechanical bathythermograph (MBT) instrument. The maximum depth of MBT observations is approximately 285 m. Therefore, MBT data are useful only in studying the thermal structure of the upper layers of the ocean. Cruise information, date, position, and time are reported for each observation. The data record comprises pairs of temperature-depth values. Temperature data in this file are recorded at uniform 5 m depth intervals.

Summary

Description

The Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) Database depicts flood risk information and supporting data used to develop the risk data. The primary risk classifications used are the 1-percent-annual-chance flood event, the 0.2-percent-annual- chance flood event, and areas of minimal flood risk. The DFIRM Database is derived from Flood Insurance Studies (FISs), previously published Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs), flood hazard analyses performed in support of the FISs and FIRMs, and new mapping data, where available. The FISs and FIRMs are published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). In addition to the preceding, required text, the Abstract should also describe the projection and coordinate system as well as a general statement about horizontal accuracy.

Summary

Description

This data set contains one data file (.csv format) that quantifies net primary productivity (NPP) as a function of rainfall in mesic to wet montane rainforests on the island of Maui, Hawaii, U.S.A. The NPP data were collected at six mature forests stands that comprise the Maui Moisture Gradient, a sequence of sites located on Maui where mean annual precipitation ranges from 2,200 mm to 5,050 mm while temperature and all other state factors (parent material, substrate age, organisms, and topography) that control NPP remain relatively constant.

Summary

Description

Onemetersquare 1 meter x 1 meter benthic substrate at Midway Atoll, site P17 28.231 N, 177.318 W, between 27 and 28 meters along a permanent transect.

Summary

Description

Physical, current, meteorological, and other data were collected from XBT casts, buoys, and other instruments from a World-Wide distribution. Data were collected from 01 March 2003 to 19 March 2003. Data were submitted by the Marine Environmental Data Service (MEDS) in support of the Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography (Argo), the Gulf of Mexico NOAA/NMFS Ship of Opportunity (SOOP), and the Global Temperature-Salinity Pilot Project (GTSPP). Physical parameters include profiles of temperature and salinity. Current parameters include current direction and speed. Meteorological data include dry bulb temperature, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, and air pressure.

Summary

Description

These data represent data collected from the Shipboard Environmental (data) Acquisition System (SEAS), a program developed by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to provide accurate meteorological and oceanographic data in real time from ships at sea through the use of satellite data transmission techniques. The system transmits data through either the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) or the International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT C) satellites to NOAA for use in weather, climatological and ocean models. NOAA is actively participating in an international effort to increase the number of subsurface temperature observations in support of global oceanographic and climate studies. NOAA's Expendable Bathythermograph (XBT) program, SEAS, currently supports about 80 Voluntary Observing Ships (VOS). SEAS XBT data are archived by the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) on a weekly basis.

Summary

Description

This narrative report for Fort Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge outlines Refuge accomplishments from February through April of 1940. The report begins by summarizing the weather conditions. Wildlife including migratory birds, big game animals, furbearers, predators, rodents, and raptors is also covered. The Refuge development and maintenance section discusses physical developments and plantings. The public relations section of the report describes recreational uses and Refuge visitors. Resource management is outlined; topics include grazing. Photographs are attached.

Summary

Summary

Description

The Coastal Zone Color Scanner Experiment (CZCS) was the first instrument devoted to the measurement of ocean color and flown on a spacecraft. Although other instruments flown on other spacecraft had sensed ocean color, their spectral bands, spatial resolution and dynamic range were optimized for land or meteorological use and had limited sensitivity in this area, whereas in CZCS, every parameter was optimized for use over water to the exclusion of any other type of sensing. CZCS had six spectral bands, four of which were used primarily for ocean color. These were of a 20 nanometer bandwidth centered at 443, 520, 550, and 670 nm. Band 5 had a 100 nm bandwidth centered at 750 nm and a dynamic range more suited to land. Band 6 operated in the 10.5 to 12.5 micrometer region and sensed emitted thermal radiance for derivation of equivalent black body temperature. (This thermal band failed within the first year of the mission, and so was not used in the global processing effort.) Bands 1-4 were preset to view water only and saturated when the IFOV was over most types of land surfaces, or clouds.

Summary

Summary

Description

Terrain data, as defined in FEMA Guidelines and Specifications, Appendix M: Data Capture Standards, describes the digital topographic data that was used to create the elevation data representing the terrain environment of a watershed and/or floodplain. Terrain data requirements allow for flexibility in the types of information provided as sources used to produce final terrain deliverables. Once this type of data is provided, FEMA will be able to account for the origins of the flood study elevation data. (Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specifications, Appendix M, Section N.1.2).

Summary

Description

The U.S. National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) operates the Global Argo Data Repository (GADR)as the long-term archive for the International Global Argo Project (for additional information about Argo, see http://www.argo.ucsd.edu/ (last accessed May 2008)). Argo data archived by the US NODC on a weekly basis starting the second quarter of FY 2003, may include real-time and/or delayed-mode profiles of ocean temperature and salinity,as well as related conductivity and/or pressure measurements (if any), collected by Argo profiling floats.

Summary

Description

CIF Yagi & Radio Science Project

Summary

Description

On August 17, 1996, the Japanese Space Agency (NASDA - National Space Development Agency) launched the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS). ADEOS was in a descending, Sun synchronous orbit with a nominal equatorial crossing time of 10:30 a.m. Amoung the instruments carried aboard the ADEOS spacecraft was the Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (OCTS). OCTS is an optical radiometer with 12 bands covering the visible, near infrared and thermal infrared regions. (Eight of the bands are in the VIS/NIR. These are the only bands calibrated and processed by the OBPG) OCTS has a swath width of approximately 1400 km, and a nominal nadir resolution of 700 m. The instrument operated at three tilt states (20 degrees aft, nadir and 20 degrees fore), similar to SeaWiFS.

Summary

Description

The Floodplain Mapping/Redelineation study deliverables depict and quantify the flood risks for the study area. The primary risk classifications used are the 1-percent-annual-chance flood event, the 0.2-percent-annual- chance flood event, and areas of minimal flood risk. The Floodplain Mapping/Redelineation flood risk boundaries are derived from the engineering information Flood Insurance Studies (FISs), previously published Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs), flood hazard analyses performed in support of the FISs and FIRMs, and new mapping data, where available. The FISs and FIRMs are published by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).

Summary

Summary

Description

The overarching challenge of tele-presence is to provide an environment to the human operator that is sufficiently familiar that the interface itself does not become burdensome and distract from the goals of the mission. The ultimate achievement would be to embed the operator into a scene in such a way as to convince him or her that they are actually on site. We propose a technology that can potentially achieve this by addressing and expanding on two specific technology needs outlined under the subtopic of human/robot interfaces: 1) Stereographic display systems that provide a large field of view, and high resolution, and 2) Techniques for capturing 360 degree video at a work site and redisplaying as a mosaiced virtual environment to the crewmembers back at the base camp. The extension to these ideas is a technology to offer Omni-Directional (full 4p steradian) stereographic information at an appropriately high resolution. The first innovation is the technique for acquiring the necessary information. The second is processing it to provide a continuous, unobstructed, Omni-Directional, stereographic field of view. A head mounted display with attitude tracking has been selected as the most appropriate display device to truly embed the users into the scene.

Summary

Description

This annual narrative report for Upper Souris NWR outlines Refuge accomplishments during the 1985 calendar year. The report begins with a summary of the years highlights and weather conditions. The report includes a planning section which discusses management planning and compliance with environmental and cultural resource mandates. Refuge administration is outlined; information about personnel, youth programs, volunteer programs, funding, safety, and technical assistance is given. Habitat management is also covered; subjects include wetlands, forests, croplands, grasslands, grazing, haying, fire management, pest control, and water rights. The wildlife section of the report discusses endangered and threatened species, waterfowl, marsh birds and waterbirds, shorebirds, raptors, game mammals, fisheries resources, wildlife propagation, marking and bird banding, and disease control. The public uses of the Refuge described in this report include outdoor classrooms, interpretive programs, hunting, fishing, trapping, wildlife observation, and law enforcement. The equipment and facilities section of the report provides information about new construction, rehabilitation, major maintenance, equipment replacement, and communication systems. Items of interest are provided at the end. Refuge brochures and field guides are attached.

Summary

Description

<p> Develop a wideband (500 MHz) L-band phased-array antenna for airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) applications based on a novel approach that will make possible meter-resolution and fully polarimetric measurements of permafrost and above ground biomass.<br /> The development will enable a new generation airborne Digital Beamforming Synthetic Aperture Radar (DBSAR-2) instrument that can significantly enhance the scientific measuring capability of existing SAR systems while providing critical data for carbon cycle studies.<br />  </p>

Summary

Description

This narrative report for Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge outlines Refuge accomplishments from September through December of 1944. The report begins by summarizing the weather conditions, water conditions, and food and cover during this period. Wildlife including migratory birds, upland game birds, big game animals, furbearers, predators, rodents, and fish is also covered. The Refuge development and maintenance section discusses physical developments and wildfires. Resource management is outlined; topics include grazing and fur harvesting. The public relations section of the report describes recreational uses, Refuge visitors, hunting, and fishing. A short narrative report of North Platte National Wildlife Refuge is attached, as well as some NR forms.

Summary

Description

This annual narrative report for Lostwood NWR outlines Refuge accomplishments during the 1981 calendar year. The report begins with a summary of the years highlights and weather conditions. The report includes a planning section which discusses research and investigations. Refuge administration is outlined; information about personnel, funding, safety, and technical assistance is given. Habitat management is also covered; subjects include wetlands, croplands, grasslands, grazing, fire management, pest control, and wilderness areas. The wildlife section of the report discusses wildlife diversity, endangered and threatened species, waterfowl, marsh birds and waterbirds, shorebirds, raptors, game mammals, and animal control. The public uses of the Refuge described in this report include interpretive programs, hunting, wildlife observation, and law enforcement. The equipment and facilities section of the report provides information about new construction, rehabilitation, major maintenance, equipment replacement, and energy conservation. Cooperative programs and items of interest are provided at the end. Newspaper articles are attached.

Summary

Description

The OMI-Aura level-2G daily global gridded (0.25x0.25 deg) near-UV Aerosol data product OMAERUVG based on the enhanced algorithm is available from the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), http://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aura/OMI/omaeruvg_v003.shtml (The shortname for this Level-2G Global Gridded near-UV Aerosol Product is OMAERUVG_V003) This Level-2G daily global gridded product OMAERUVG is based on the pixel level OMI Level-2 Aerosol product OMAERUV. The OMAERUV product is based on the enhanced TOMS version-8 algorithm that essentially uses the ultraviolet radiance data. OMI provides two aerosol products OMAERUV and OMAERO at the pixel resolution (13 x 24 km at nadir) that are based on two different algorithms. OMAERUVG data product is a special Level-2 gridded product where pixel level products are binned into 0.25x0.25 degree global grids. It contains the data for all scenes that have observation time betweeen UTC times of 00:00:00 and 23:59:59.9999 . All data pixels that fall in a grid box are saved without averaging. Scientist can apply data filtering scheme of their choice and create new gridded products. The GES DISC developed interactive tool Giovanni (http://giovanni.gsfc.nasa.gov/ ) provides web based capabilities to browse and explore these data. The OMAERUVG data product contains almost all parameters that are contained in OMAERUV. For example, in addition to the extinction and absorption optical depth it also contains effective Lambertian scene-reflectivity, UV aerosol index, cloud fraction, cloud pressure, ozone below clouds, terrain height, geolocation, solar and satellite viewing angles, and extensive quality flags. OMAERUVG files are stored in EOS Hierarchical Data Format (HDF-EOS5). Each file contains daily data from approximately 15 orbits mapped on the Global 0.25x0.25 deg Grids. The maximum file size for the OMERUVG data product is about 50 Mbytes.

Summary

Description

This narrative report for Long Lake NWR outlines Refuge accomplishments from January through April of 1945. The report begins by summarizing the weather conditions and water conditions during this period. Wildlife including migratory birds, upland game birds, furbearers, predators, rodents, mammals, raptors, and fish is also covered. The Refuge development and maintenance section discusses physical developments. Resource management is outlined; topics include grazing, haying, and fur harvesting. The public relations section of the report describes Refuge visitors and Refuge participation. NR forms and photographs are attached.