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The purpose of this report is to create a baseline inventory of all nonmotorized trails on Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge. Trails in this inventory are eligible for funding under the Refuge Roads Program SAFETEALU. The report describes all the attributes e.g., location, surface type, condition, distance of trails in the FWS asset inventory.

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Stationary Point Counts at 4 stations at each survey site were surveyed as part of Rapid Ecological Assessments conducted at 10 sites at Oahu Island in July, 2005 from the NOAA vessel Hi'ialakai (OES05-05). Raw survey data included species level abundance estimates.

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This annual narrative report for Audubon Wetland Management District outlines Refuge accomplishments during the 1988 calendar year. The report begins with a summary of the years highlights and weather conditions. Land acquisition is covered. Planning is discussed; topics include compliance with environmental and cultural resource mandates and research and investigations. Habitat management is also covered; subjects include wetlands, croplands, grasslands, grazing, haying, fire management, pest control, and WPA easements. The wildlife section of the report discusses endangered and threatened species, migratory birds, and game mammals. The public uses of the Refuge described in this report include hunting and law enforcement. The equipment and facilities section of the report provides information about new construction. Cooperative programs are provided at the end. Photographs are attached.

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Recent developments in digital terrain and geospatial database management technology make it possible to protect this investment for existing and future projects to a much greater extent than was possible in the past. The minimum requirement for hydraulics data includes input and output files for all hydraulic models and spatial datasets that are needed to implement the models. (Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specs, Appendix N)

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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has the statutory mandate to collect hydrographic data in support of nautical chart compilation for safe navigation and to provide background data for engineers, scientific, and other commercial and industrial activities. Hydrographic survey data primarily consist of water depths, but may also include features (e.g. rocks, wrecks), navigation aids, shoreline identification, and bottom type information. NOAA is responsible for archiving and distributing the source data as described in this metadata record.

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This narrative report for Sullys Hill National Game Reserve outlines Refuge accomplishments from May through August 1945. The report begins by summarizing the weather conditions, habitat conditions, water conditions, and food and cover during this period. Wildlife including migratory birds, upland game birds, big game animals, furbearers, predators, rodents, mammals, raptors, and reptiles is also covered. The Refuge development and maintenance section discusses physical developments and plantings. Resource management is outlined; topics include timber removal. A progress report on field investigations and applied research is also provided. The public relations section of the report describes recreational uses, Refuge visitors, Refuge participation, and violations. Items of interest, NR forms, and photographs are attached.

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Icing environments are of great concern in commercial and military aviation. An aircraft-based, imaging probe is being proposed for the reliable and accurate measurement of liquid water content (LWC) and droplet size distributions in environments variously referred to as freezing rain, freezing drizzle, supercooled drizzle drops, and supercooled large drops (SLD). The innovative aspect of the proposed probe is the use of multiple laser beams (of differing wavelengths) to create high quality shadows of individual particles (droplets and ice crystals) on a 2-d CCD array. Conventional aircraft-based probes such as the OAP suffer from measurement uncertainties arising from the detection of droplets that are out-of-focus. The use of multiple intersecting laser beams will also minimize the background noise created by other particles that may be present along the laser beam path but outside of the measurement volume. Finally, the incorporation of a means for differentiating between ice-crystals and droplets, while counting and measuring both, allows computation of water content in both liquid and solid phases. These innovations, and the other features of the probe to be discussed later, directly address the need for aircraft-based icing monitoring systems that NASA has identified in topic A1.02 of the 2003 SBIR solicitation. The Phase I study has clearly demonstrated the feasibility of the probe. A prototype system will be developed in Phase II.

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The Wildlife Management Study Project No. 2 dated May 15, 1969 was developed to evaluate the production of moist soil food plants in the Mississippi River flood plain and their subsequent use by waterfowl. To aid in the evaluation of this project, annual vegetation line transects were set up and conducted at Clarence Cannon National Wildlife Refuge. This report summarizes the 1970 results.

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The Coastal Zone Color Scanner Experiment (CZCS) was the first instrument devoted to the measurement of ocean color and flown on a spacecraft. Although other instruments flown on other spacecraft had sensed ocean color, their spectral bands, spatial resolution and dynamic range were optimized for land or meteorological use and had limited sensitivity in this area, whereas in CZCS, every parameter was optimized for use over water to the exclusion of any other type of sensing. CZCS had six spectral bands, four of which were used primarily for ocean color. These were of a 20 nanometer bandwidth centered at 443, 520, 550, and 670 nm. Band 5 had a 100 nm bandwidth centered at 750 nm and a dynamic range more suited to land. Band 6 operated in the 10.5 to 12.5 micrometer region and sensed emitted thermal radiance for derivation of equivalent black body temperature. (This thermal band failed within the first year of the mission, and so was not used in the global processing effort.) Bands 1-4 were preset to view water only and saturated when the IFOV was over most types of land surfaces, or clouds.

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XBT data were collected from the NOAA Ship RAINIER in support of the Integrated Global Ocean Services System (IGOSS) project. Data were collected by the National Ocean Service (NOS) from 20 February 1976 to 24 February 1976. Data were processed by NODC to the NODC standard Universal Bathythermograph Output (UBT) format. Full format description is available from NODC at www.nodc.noaa.gov/General/NODC-Archive/bt.html. The UBT file format is used for temperature-depth profile data obtained using expendable bathythermograph (XBT) instruments. Standard XBTs can obtain profiles at depths of about 450 or 760 m. With special instruments, measurements can be obtained to 1830 m. Cruise information, position, date, and time are reported for each observation. The data record comprises pairs of temperature-depth values. Unlike the MBT data file, in which temperature values are recorded at uniform 5m intervals, the XBT Data File contains temperature values at non-uniform depths. These depths are at a minimum number of points ("inflection points") required to record the temperature curve to an acceptable degree of accuracy. On output, however, the user may request temperature values either at inflection points or interpolated to uniform depth increments.

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Onemetersquare 1 meter x 1 meter benthic substrate at Jarvis Island, site 11P 00 22.135S, 160 00.484W, between 19 and 20 meters along a permanent transect.

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MODIS (or Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) is a key instrument aboard the Terra (EOS AM) and Aqua (EOS PM) satellites. Terra's orbit around the Earth is timed so that it passes from north to south across the equator in the morning, while Aqua passes south to north over the equator in the afternoon. Terra MODIS and Aqua MODIS are viewing the entire Earth's surface every 1 to 2 days, acquiring data in 36 spectral bands, or groups of wavelengths (see MODIS Technical Specifications). These data will improve our understanding of global dynamics and processes occurring on the land, in the oceans, and in the lower atmosphere. MODIS is playing a vital role in the development of validated, global, interactive Earth system models able to predict global change accurately enough to assist policy makers in making sound decisions concerning the protection of our environment.

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Onemetersquare 1 meter x 1 meter benthic substrate at French Frigate Shoals, site P3 23.769 N, 166.261 W, between 6 and 7 meters along a permanent transect.

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Bathythermograph data were collected from the HUMBOLDT within a 1-mile radius of Ocean Weather Station C (5245N 0350W) and in transit. Data were collected by the United States Coast Guard from 05 February 1967 to 10 February 1967. The platform was equipped and staffed to observe weather and sea conditions. Data were processed by NODC to the NODC standard Universal Bathythermograph Output (UBT) format. Full format description is available from NODC at www.nodc.noaa.gov/General/NODC-Archive/bt.html. The UBT file format is used for temperature-depth profile data obtained using the mechanical bathythermograph (MBT) instrument. The maximum depth of MBT observations is approximately 285 m. Therefore, MBT data are useful only in studying the thermal structure of the upper layers of the ocean. Cruise information, date, position, and time are reported for each observation. The data record comprises pairs of temperature-depth values. Temperature data in this file are recorded at uniform 5 m depth intervals.

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This annual narrative report for Ninepipe National Wildlife Refuge outlines Refuge accomplishments during the 1991 calendar year. The report begins with a summary of the years highlights and weather conditions. The report includes a planning section which discusses compliance with environmental and cultural resource mandates. Refuge administration is outlined; information about volunteer programs is given. Habitat management is also covered; subjects include wetlands, grasslands, other habitats, grazing, and pest control. The wildlife section of the report discusses wildlife diversity, endangered and threatened species, waterfowl, marsh birds and waterbirds, shorebirds, raptors, other resident wildlife, and fisheries resources. The public uses of the Refuge described in this report include outdoor classrooms, interpretive programs, hunting, fishing, wildlife observation, other wildlife oriented recreation, picnicking, and law enforcement. The equipment and facilities section of the report provides information about maintenance. Items of interest are included.

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The Textile Analysis Labis built for evaluating and characterizing the physical properties of an array of textile materials, but specifically those used in aircrew personal protective apparel and various man-mounted and non-man-mounted equipment. The lab uses standardized test methods that comprise abrasion testing, air permeability testing, bean bag stag testing, bow and skew testing, bursting strength testing, fabric characterization, hydrostatic testing, random tumble pilling testing, tear testing, tensile testing, thermal protective performance testing, shrinkage and dimensional stability testing, soil release testing, and vertical flame testing. Assets lists: MTS tensile tester with environmental chamber Frazier air permeability tester Mullen burst strength testers; Mullen hydrostatic tester Elmendorf tear tester; heavy duty Elmendorf tester Wyzenbeck oscillatory abrasion tester Flex and abrasion tester Inflated diaphragm abrasion tester Bean bag snag tester Vertical flame tester TPP tester Stereo microscope with digital camera

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On August 17, 1996, the Japanese Space Agency (NASDA - National Space Development Agency) launched the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS). ADEOS was in a descending, Sun synchronous orbit with a nominal equatorial crossing time of 10:30 a.m. Amoung the instruments carried aboard the ADEOS spacecraft was the Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (OCTS). OCTS is an optical radiometer with 12 bands covering the visible, near infrared and thermal infrared regions. (Eight of the bands are in the VIS/NIR. These are the only bands calibrated and processed by the OBPG) OCTS has a swath width of approximately 1400 km, and a nominal nadir resolution of 700 m. The instrument operated at three tilt states (20 degrees aft, nadir and 20 degrees fore), similar to SeaWiFS.

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This dataset is part of the collection of Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMIS) data products produced as part of NASA's MEaSUREs Program. Remote Sensing Systems generates SSM/I and SSMIS binary data products using a unified, physically based algorithm to simultaneously retrieve ocean wind speed (at 10 meters), water vapor, cloud water, and rain rate. The SSMIS data have been carefully intercalibrated on the brightness temperature level with the previous SSM/I and therefore extend this important time series of ocean winds, vapor, cloud and rain values. This algorithm is a product of 20 years of refinements, improvements, and verifications. The Global Hydrology Resource Center has reformatted the binary data into a netCDF data product for each temporal group for each satellite. The netCDF SSMI/SSMIS collection will be available for F8, F10, F11, F13, F14, F15, F16, F17 for each temporal aggregation: daily, 3-day, weekly and monthly.

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R&D Database provides Vehicle Crash Test data, Biomechanics Test Data, and Component Test Data to support NHTSA's motor vehicle and traffic safety goals.